numpy用法作业

垂直拆分 numpy.vsplit(数组，份数)

c = np.arange(1,13).reshape(6,2)

c

array([[ 1,  2],
       [ 3,  4],
       [ 5,  6],
       [ 7,  8],
       [ 9, 10],
       [11, 12]])

np.vsplit(c,3)

[array([[1, 2],
        [3, 4]]),
 array([[5, 6],
        [7, 8]]),
 array([[ 9, 10],
        [11, 12]])]

水平拆分numpy.hsplit(数组，份数)

d = c.T

d

array([[ 1,  3,  5,  7,  9, 11],
       [ 2,  4,  6,  8, 10, 12]])

np.hsplit(d,3)

[array([[1, 3],
        [2, 4]]),
 array([[5, 7],
        [6, 8]]),
 array([[ 9, 11],
        [10, 12]])]

numpy.dsplit(数组，份数)

a = np.arange(11,20).reshape(-1,1)

b = np.arange(21,30).reshape(-1,1)

e = np.dstack((a,b))

e

array([[[11, 21]],

       [[12, 22]],

       [[13, 23]],

       [[14, 24]],

       [[15, 25]],

       [[16, 26]],

       [[17, 27]],

       [[18, 28]],

       [[19, 29]]])

np.dsplit(e,2)

[array([[[11]],
 
        [[12]],
 
        [[13]],
 
        [[14]],
 
        [[15]],
 
        [[16]],
 
        [[17]],
 
        [[18]],
 
        [[19]]]),
 array([[[21]],
 
        [[22]],
 
        [[23]],
 
        [[24]],
 
        [[25]],
 
        [[26]],
 
        [[27]],
 
        [[28]],
 
        [[29]]])]

灵活选择引用

inistate = np.array([1,2,3,4])
pre_inistate = inistate[0:3]
pre_inistate

array([0.18257419,0.36514837,0.54772256])

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

NameError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-35-76d38f75b0a2> in <module>
      3 pre_inistate
      4 
----> 5 array([0.18257419,0.36514837,0.54772256])


NameError: name 'array' is not defined

numpy基本加减和取行操作

a = np.array([1,1,1,1])

b = np.array([[1],[1],[1],[1]])

a+b

array([[2, 2, 2, 2],
       [2, 2, 2, 2],
       [2, 2, 2, 2],
       [2, 2, 2, 2]])

c =np.array([[1,1,1,1]])

c+b

array([[2, 2, 2, 2],
       [2, 2, 2, 2],
       [2, 2, 2, 2],
       [2, 2, 2, 2]])

w = np.array([[1,1,1],[2,2,2]])

w[:,1]

array([1, 2])

w[1]

array([2, 2, 2])

w[:,1] = np.array([5,5])

w

array([[1, 5, 1],
       [2, 5, 2]])

矩阵删除、插入、尾部添加操作（delete，insert，append）

delete()函数

import numpy as np

matrix = [
[1,2,3,4],
[5,6,7,8],
[9,10,11,12]
]

p1 = np.delete(matrix, 1, 0)

print('>>>>p1>>>>\n',p1)

>>>>p1>>>>
 [[ 1  2  3  4]
 [ 9 10 11 12]]

p3 = np.delete(matrix, 1) # 拉平后删除第1个元素(初始为第0个)

print('>>>>p3>>>>\n',p3)

>>>>p3>>>>
 [ 1  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12]

p4 = np.delete(matrix, [0,1], 1) # 第1维度(列)第0、1列被删除

print('>>>>p4>>>>\n',p4)

>>>>p4>>>>
 [[ 3  4]
 [ 7  8]
 [11 12]]

insert()函数

import numpy as np

matrix = [[1,2,3,4],
                  [5,6,7,8],
                 [9,10,11,12]]

q1 = np.insert(matrix, 1, [1,1,1,1], 0)

print('>>>>q1>>>>\n',q1)

>>>>q1>>>>
 [[ 1  2  3  4]
 [ 1  1  1  1]
 [ 5  6  7  8]
 [ 9 10 11 12]]

q2 = np.insert(matrix, 0, [1,1,1], 1)

print('>>>>q2>>>>\n',q2)

>>>>q2>>>>
 [[ 1  1  2  3  4]
 [ 1  5  6  7  8]
 [ 1  9 10 11 12]]

q3 = np.insert(matrix, 3, [1,1,1,1], 0)

print('>>>>q3>>>>\n',q3)

>>>>q3>>>>
 [[ 1  2  3  4]
 [ 5  6  7  8]
 [ 9 10 11 12]
 [ 1  1  1  1]]

append（）函数

import numpy as np

matrix = [
    [1,2,3,4],
    [5,6,7,8],
    [9,10,11,12]
]

m1 = np.append(matrix,[[1,1,1,1]],0)

m1

array([[ 1,  2,  3,  4],
       [ 5,  6,  7,  8],
       [ 9, 10, 11, 12],
       [ 1,  1,  1,  1]])

m2 = np.append(matrix,[[1],[1],[1]],1)

m2

array([[ 1,  2,  3,  4,  1],
       [ 5,  6,  7,  8,  1],
       [ 9, 10, 11, 12,  1]])

m3 = np.append(matrix,[1,1,1,1])

m3

array([ 1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12,  1,  1,  1,  1])

np.random.choice(a,size,replace,p)

import numpy as np

a1 = np.random.choice(7,5)#从0-7随机选择5个数组组成一维数组

a1

array([3, 0, 5, 3, 1])

a2 = np.random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6],5)#从给定list中随机选择五个数组组成一维数组

a2

array([1, 3, 3, 6, 1])

a3 = np.random.choice(np.array([0,1,2,3,4,5,6]),5) # 将list换成array数组依然可以运行，效果一致

a3

array([0, 3, 0, 1, 3])

a4 = np.random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6],5,replace=False) # 上述均有重复，将replace设置为False，即可按要求没有重复的选取

a4

array([1, 3, 2, 4, 5])

a5 = np.random.choice(np.array([0,1,2,3,4,5,6]),5,p=[0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.4])

a5

array([2, 3, 5, 6, 6])

给出选取概率p

np.argmax(a,axis = None , out = None)

import numpy as np

a = np.array([[1,1,1],[2,2,2],[0,3,6]])

a

array([[1, 1, 1],
       [2, 2, 2],
       [0, 3, 6]])

b1 = np.argmax(a)

b1

8

b2 = np.argmax(a,0)

b2

array([1, 2, 2], dtype=int64)

星号的作用

import numpy as np
y1 = np.linspace(-10.0,10.0) # 默认生成50个数据
y1

array([-10.        ,  -9.59183673,  -9.18367347,  -8.7755102 ,
        -8.36734694,  -7.95918367,  -7.55102041,  -7.14285714,
        -6.73469388,  -6.32653061,  -5.91836735,  -5.51020408,
        -5.10204082,  -4.69387755,  -4.28571429,  -3.87755102,
        -3.46938776,  -3.06122449,  -2.65306122,  -2.24489796,
        -1.83673469,  -1.42857143,  -1.02040816,  -0.6122449 ,
        -0.20408163,   0.20408163,   0.6122449 ,   1.02040816,
         1.42857143,   1.83673469,   2.24489796,   2.65306122,
         3.06122449,   3.46938776,   3.87755102,   4.28571429,
         4.69387755,   5.10204082,   5.51020408,   5.91836735,
         6.32653061,   6.73469388,   7.14285714,   7.55102041,
         7.95918367,   8.36734694,   8.7755102 ,   9.18367347,
         9.59183673,  10.        ])

import numpy as np
y2 = np.linspace(1,10,10)
y2

array([ 1.,  2.,  3.,  4.,  5.,  6.,  7.,  8.,  9., 10.])

y3 = np.linspace(1,10,10,endpoint=False)
y3

array([1. , 1.9, 2.8, 3.7, 4.6, 5.5, 6.4, 7.3, 8.2, 9.1])

y4= np.linspace(1, 10, 6, retstep=True) 
y4

(array([ 1. ,  2.8,  4.6,  6.4,  8.2, 10. ]), 1.8)

拉平操作 ravel()和faltten()及reshape(1,-1)的区别联系(补充[None,:]操作)

import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[1,2,3]])
x.flatten()

array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3])

x.ravel()

array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3])

x.ravel('F')

array([1, 4, 1, 2, 5, 2, 3, 6, 3])

import numpy as np
x = np.array([1,2,3,6,7,8])

x[None,:]

array([[1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8]])

x[:,None]

array([[1],
       [2],
       [3],
       [6],
       [7],
       [8]])

x[np.newaxis,:]

array([[1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8]])

np.prod()计算元素乘积

x = np.array([[1,2,3],[2,3,4]])

np.prod(x)

144

np.prod(x,axis = 1)

array([ 6, 24])

np.prod(x,axis = 0)

array([ 2,  6, 12])

把矩阵大于或小于N的元素设置M的技巧

import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[-3,2,4],[5,-2,9]])
y1 = np.maximum(0,x) 
y1

array([[1, 2, 3],
       [0, 2, 4],
       [5, 0, 9]])

y2 = np.minimum(0,x)
y2

array([[ 0,  0,  0],
       [-3,  0,  0],
       [ 0, -2,  0]])

x1 = x.copy()
x1

array([[ 1,  2,  3],
       [-3,  2,  4],
       [ 5, -2,  9]])

x1[x1<0] = 0
x1

array([[1, 2, 3],
       [0, 2, 4],
       [5, 0, 9]])

x2 = x.copy()
x2[x2>0] = 0
x2

array([[ 0,  0,  0],
       [-3,  0,  0],
       [ 0, -2,  0]])

numpy中的矩阵copy问题

import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[-3,2,4],[5,-2,9]])
x

array([[ 1,  2,  3],
       [-3,  2,  4],
       [ 5, -2,  9]])

x1 = x.copy()
x1[x1>0]=0
x1

array([[ 0,  0,  0],
       [-3,  0,  0],
       [ 0, -2,  0]])

x

array([[ 1,  2,  3],
       [-3,  2,  4],
       [ 5, -2,  9]])

x2 = x
x2

array([[ 1,  2,  3],
       [-3,  2,  4],
       [ 5, -2,  9]])

x2[x2>0]=0
x2

array([[ 0,  0,  0],
       [-3,  0,  0],
       [ 0, -2,  0]])

x

array([[ 0,  0,  0],
       [-3,  0,  0],
       [ 0, -2,  0]])

x = np.array([[1,2,3],[-3,2,4],[5,-2,9]])
x3 = x[2]
x3

array([ 5, -2,  9])

x3[2] = 100
x

array([[  1,   2,   3],
       [ -3,   2,   4],
       [  5,  -2, 100]])

np.zeros_like()构造全零矩阵，无需指定大小

import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
np.zeros_like(x) 

array([[0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0]])

random.rand和random.rand和random.randint区别

import numpy as np
n = np.random.rand(3,4)
n

array([[0.7145455 , 0.90306545, 0.31379237, 0.04585752],
       [0.52804719, 0.37188871, 0.47103428, 0.40720235],
       [0.35102696, 0.88936889, 0.58651431, 0.47273037]])

import numpy as np
x = np.random.randn(2,3)
x

array([[-0.23255388, -1.06069825, -1.17883979],
       [-1.75908433,  0.85869809, -0.51665204]])

y = np.multiply(0.1,np.random.randn(2,3))+0.5 # 一般正太分布
y

array([[0.49487041, 0.4102452 , 0.4464379 ],
       [0.4806604 , 0.46342751, 0.44927088]])

import numpy as np
z = np.random.randint(2,9,(2,3))
z

array([[7, 2, 4],
       [8, 5, 3]])

m = np.random.randint(9,size = (2,3))
m

array([[6, 3, 3],
       [0, 1, 0]])

python 断言 assert

x = 'You are right'
type(x)

str

assert type(x)==str, 'x is not str'
x = [1,2,3]
type(x)

list

乘法之间的区别

A = np.arange(95,99).reshape(2,2)
A

array([[95, 96],
       [97, 98]])

np.pad(A,((3,2),(2,3)),'constant',constant_values = (0,0))

array([[ 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0, 95, 96,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0, 97, 98,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0]])

b = np.array([[[1,2],[3,4]],[[3,4],[7,8]],[[4,5],[1,2]]])

b

array([[[1, 2],
        [3, 4]],

       [[3, 4],
        [7, 8]],

       [[4, 5],
        [1, 2]]])

np.pad(b, ((0,0),(1,1),(1,1)), 'constant', constant_values = 0)

array([[[0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 1, 2, 0],
        [0, 3, 4, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0]],

       [[0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 3, 4, 0],
        [0, 7, 8, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0]],

       [[0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 4, 5, 0],
        [0, 1, 2, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0]]])

import numpy as np
c = np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])
c

array([[1, 2],
       [3, 4]])

c.astype(np.float32)

array([[1., 2.],
       [3., 4.]], dtype=float32)

import numpy as np
x = np.array([1,3,5])
y = np.array([4,6])
XX,YY = np.meshgrid(x,y)
XX

array([[1, 3, 5],
       [1, 3, 5]])

YY

array([[4, 4, 4],
       [6, 6, 6]])

import numpy as np
x = np.array([[3,4,5],[1,3,4]])
y = np.array([[1,1,1],[2,2,2]])
np.hstack((x,y)) # 水平堆叠

array([[3, 4, 5, 1, 1, 1],
       [1, 3, 4, 2, 2, 2]])

np.vstack((x,y))

array([[3, 4, 5],
       [1, 3, 4],
       [1, 1, 1],
       [2, 2, 2]])

import numpy as np
a = np.array([0.125,0.568,5.688])
np.round(a)

array([0., 1., 6.])

np.round(a,decimals = 2) 

array([0.12, 0.57, 5.69])

np.floor(a) # 向下取整

array([0., 0., 5.])

np.ceil(a) # 向上取整

array([1., 1., 6.])

np.newaxis 在特定位置增加一个维度

import numpy as np
c = np.array([1,2,5,4])
c[:,np.newaxis]

array([[1],
       [2],
       [5],
       [4]])

python 广播机制

import numpy as np
a = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
a = np.array([[1,2,3,6],[4,5,6,6]])
a1 = a.reshape((1,2,4))
a1

array([[[1, 2, 3, 6],
        [4, 5, 6, 6]]])

b = np.array([[3,4,5,6],[1,2,3,4],[4,5,5,5]])
b

array([[3, 4, 5, 6],
       [1, 2, 3, 4],
       [4, 5, 5, 5]])

b1 = b.reshape((1,3,4)).transpose((1,0,2))
b1

array([[[3, 4, 5, 6]],

       [[1, 2, 3, 4]],

       [[4, 5, 5, 5]]])

a1

array([[[1, 2, 3, 6],
        [4, 5, 6, 6]]])

c = np.array([[[1,2,5],[3,4,6]],[[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]])
c

array([[[1, 2, 5],
        [3, 4, 6]],

       [[4, 5, 6],
        [7, 8, 9]]])

c.transpose(1,0,2)

array([[[1, 2, 5],
        [4, 5, 6]],

       [[3, 4, 6],
        [7, 8, 9]]])

c.transpose(1,2,0) 

array([[[1, 4],
        [2, 5],
        [5, 6]],

       [[3, 7],
        [4, 8],
        [6, 9]]])

import numpy as np
a = np.array([2,2,3,4,5,5,6,7])
a[0:7:2]

array([2, 3, 5, 6])

import numpy as np
a = np.array([2,2,3,4,5,5,6,7])
a[0::2]

array([2, 3, 5, 6])

a[::-1]

array([7, 6, 5, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2])

import numpy as np
a = np.array([2,2,3,4,5,5,6,7])
s = slice(0,7,2)
a[s]

array([2, 3, 5, 6])