讓 iOS App 優雅的 Crash 吧！

開發 iOS App 最害怕的一件事就屬上架審核了！

不僅要讓 Apple 恣意的玩弄 App 所有的功能以外，更令人尷尬的事情是 － Bug 總會在這時候爭先恐後的冒出來，造成 crash reject（註1：教育訓練定理）。

如果剛好這些 Bug 們生性害羞靦腆，躲過了審查而順利的上架了，這時候卻換成使用者三不五時反應說程式一直當機，一直閃退（註2：使用者天生是讓系統崩潰的天才），但是你卻想破頭也不知道原因是什麼，這時候如果有個能將當下的錯誤訊息回報給你，至少有個方向可以去追查。

註1：教育訓練定理。教育訓練等正式場合，系統的 Bug 就有如脫韁的野馬一般，總在令人意想不到的情形下大肆奔放。
註2：使用者天生是讓系統崩潰的天才。不解釋......

今天要介紹的是，如何讓 App 崩潰的時候，能夠崩的優雅，崩的面不改色，崩的理所當然。



首先要了解的是，一般在 iOS 中系統遇到了 Exception 時，我們可以用 try...catch 來捕捉這些例外情況，但是會造成 App 直接 crash 的狀況時，不論再怎麼包 try...catch 就是無法將錯誤例外抓出來，這是因為系統對於這一類的錯誤不是拋出 Exception 訊息，而是 Signal 訊號。

所以如果想要捕捉這些錯誤例外，就必須自己手動捕捉。

UncaughtExceptionHandler.h

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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import <MessageUI/MFMailComposeViewController.h>   @interface UncaughtExceptionHandler : NSObject <MFMailComposeViewControllerDelegate> {   BOOL dismissed; }   @end void HandleException( NSException *exception); void SignalHandler( int signal); void InstallUncaughtExceptionHandler( void );

UncaughtExceptionHandler.m

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#import "UncaughtExceptionHandler.h" #include <libkern/OSAtomic.h> #include <execinfo.h> #import <MessageUI/MFMailComposeViewController.h> #import "AppDelegate.h"   NSString * const UncaughtExceptionHandlerSignalExceptionName = @ "UncaughtExceptionHandlerSignalExceptionName" ; NSString * const UncaughtExceptionHandlerSignalKey = @ "UncaughtExceptionHandlerSignalKey" ; NSString * const UncaughtExceptionHandlerAddressesKey = @ "UncaughtExceptionHandlerAddressesKey" ;   volatile int32_t UncaughtExceptionCount = 0; const int32_t UncaughtExceptionMaximum = 10;   const NSInteger UncaughtExceptionHandlerSkipAddressCount = 4; const NSInteger UncaughtExceptionHandlerReportAddressCount = 5;   @implementation UncaughtExceptionHandler   + ( NSArray *)backtrace {   void * callstack[128];   int frames = backtrace(callstack, 128);   char **strs = backtrace_symbols(callstack, frames);      NSMutableArray *backtrace = [ NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:frames];   for ( int i = UncaughtExceptionHandlerSkipAddressCount;    i < UncaughtExceptionHandlerSkipAddressCount + UncaughtExceptionHandlerReportAddressCount;    i++)   {    [backtrace addObject:[ NSString stringWithUTF8String:strs[i]]];   }   free(strs);     return backtrace; }   - ( void )alertView:(UIAlertView *)anAlertView clickedButtonAtIndex:( NSInteger )anIndex {   if (anIndex == 0)   {    dismissed = YES ;   }   else if (anIndex == 1)   {    NSBundle *bundle = [ NSBundle mainBundle];    NSDictionary *info = [bundle infoDictionary];    NSString *productName = [info objectForKey:@ "CFBundleDisplayName" ];        // 開啟寄信的 view    MFMailComposeViewController *mailView = [[MFMailComposeViewController alloc] init];    mailView.mailComposeDelegate = self ;    [mailView setEditing: NO animated: YES ];    [mailView setEditing: NO ];    [mailView setToRecipients:@[@ "tericky@gmail.com" ]];    [mailView setSubject:[ NSString stringWithFormat:@ "[%@] - 錯誤回報" ,productName]];    [mailView setMessageBody:anAlertView.message isHTML: NO ];        if (mailView)    {     AppDelegate *appDelegate = (AppDelegate*)[UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate;     [appDelegate.window.rootViewController presentViewController:mailView animated: YES completion:^{}];    }   } }   - ( void )validateAndSaveCriticalApplicationData {   }   -( void )mailComposeController:(MFMailComposeViewController *)controller didFinishWithResult:(MFMailComposeResult)result error:( NSError *)error {   if (result == MFMailComposeResultSent)   {       }     AppDelegate *appDelegate = (AppDelegate*)[UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate;   [appDelegate.window.rootViewController dismissViewControllerAnimated: YES completion:^{}]; }   - ( void )handleException:( NSException *)exception {      [ self validateAndSaveCriticalApplicationData];         UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@ "喔喔！程式發生了異常！"                message:[ NSString stringWithFormat:@ "為了讓 App 可以更好，請將錯誤訊息回報給開發人員！\n\n" @ "異常原因如下:\n%@\n%@" ,exception.reason,[exception.userInfo objectForKey:UncaughtExceptionHandlerAddressesKey]]               delegate: self               cancelButtonTitle:@ "退出"               otherButtonTitles:@ "回報" , nil ];   [alert show];      CFRunLoopRef runLoop = CFRunLoopGetCurrent();   CFArrayRef allModes = CFRunLoopCopyAllModes(runLoop);      while (!dismissed)   {    for ( NSString *mode in (__bridge NSArray *)allModes)    {     // 0.1 是 run loop 的時間，越短畫面捕捉使用者觸碰反應越靈敏，但是會讓 cpu 非常忙碌，結果就造成凍結。     CFRunLoopRunInMode((__bridge CFStringRef)mode, 0.1, false );    }   }      CFRelease(allModes);      NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler ( NULL );   signal(SIGABRT, SIG_DFL);   signal(SIGILL, SIG_DFL);   signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_DFL);   signal(SIGFPE, SIG_DFL);   signal(SIGBUS, SIG_DFL);   signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);      if ([exception.name isEqual:UncaughtExceptionHandlerSignalExceptionName])   {    kill(getpid(), [[exception.userInfo objectForKey:UncaughtExceptionHandlerSignalKey] intValue]);   }   else   {    //[exception raise];    exit(0);   } }   @end   void HandleException( NSException *exception) {   int32_t exceptionCount = OSAtomicIncrement32(&UncaughtExceptionCount);   if (exceptionCount > UncaughtExceptionMaximum)   {    return ;   }      NSArray *callStack = [UncaughtExceptionHandler backtrace];   NSMutableDictionary *userInfo = [ NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:exception.userInfo];   [userInfo setObject:callStack forKey:UncaughtExceptionHandlerAddressesKey];     [[[UncaughtExceptionHandler alloc] init] performSelectorOnMainThread: @selector (handleException:)                   withObject:[ NSException exceptionWithName:exception.name                           reason:exception.reason                            userInfo:userInfo]                   waitUntilDone: YES ]; }   void SignalHandler( int signal) {   int32_t exceptionCount = OSAtomicIncrement32(&UncaughtExceptionCount);   if (exceptionCount > UncaughtExceptionMaximum)   {    return ;   }     NSMutableDictionary *userInfo = [ NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObject:[ NSNumber numberWithInt:signal]                      forKey:UncaughtExceptionHandlerSignalKey];     NSArray *callStack = [UncaughtExceptionHandler backtrace];   [userInfo setObject:callStack forKey:UncaughtExceptionHandlerAddressesKey];   NSException *exception = [ NSException exceptionWithName:UncaughtExceptionHandlerSignalExceptionName                reason:[ NSString stringWithFormat:@ "Signal %d 被觸發" ,signal]                 userInfo:[ NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:[ NSNumber numberWithInt:signal]                        forKey:UncaughtExceptionHandlerSignalKey]];      [[[UncaughtExceptionHandler alloc] init] performSelectorOnMainThread: @selector (handleException:)                   withObject:exception                   waitUntilDone: YES ]; }   void InstallUncaughtExceptionHandler( void ) {   NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler (&HandleException);   signal(SIGABRT, SignalHandler);   signal(SIGILL, SignalHandler);   signal(SIGSEGV, SignalHandler);   signal(SIGFPE, SignalHandler);   signal(SIGBUS, SignalHandler);   signal(SIGPIPE, SignalHandler); }

完成了之後，在 AppDelegate.m中

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- ( BOOL )application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:( NSDictionary *)launchOptions {   InstallUncaughtExceptionHandler();     self .window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]];   self .window.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];   self .window.rootViewController = [[MainViewController alloc] init];     [ self .window makeKeyAndVisible];      return YES ; }

這樣就完成了捕捉了，以下是測試效果

可喜可賀！可喜可賀！

範例檔下載： ElegantDeath.zip