Notification详解_react notification 增加id属性-CSDN博客

通知的基础用法

创建通知

发送通知需要通过 NotificationManager.notify() 来实现，该函数的一个必要参数是 Notification 对象，Notification 对象描述了通知的具体内容，构建该对象需要利用 Notification.Builder 类，Notification.Builder 是 Android 3.0 (API 11) 引入的，为了兼容低版本，我们一般使用 Support V4 包提供的 NotificationCompat.Builder 来构建 Notification。具体代码如下：

 
  <span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">12</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">13</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">14</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">15</span>
 NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(context)

// 设置通知的基本信息：icon、标题、内容
builder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.notification_icon)
builder.setContentTitle("My notification")
builder.setContentText("Hello World!");

// 设置通知的点击行为：这里启动一个 Activity
Intent intent = new Intent(this, ResultActivity.class);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(context, 0, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
builder.setContentIntent(pendingIntent);

// 发送通知 id 需要在应用内唯一
NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
notificationManager.notify(id, builder.build());
 
 

更新通知

要想更新通知，需要利用 NotificationManager.notify() 的 id 参数，该 id 在应用内需要唯一。要想更新特定 id 的通知，只需要创建新的 Notification，并发出与之前所用 id 相同的 Notification。如果之前的通知仍然可见，则系统会根据新的 Notification 对象的内容更新该通知。相反，如果之前的通知已被清除，系统则会创建一个新通知。

删除通知

删除通知可以有多种方式： 1. 通过 NotificationCompat.Builder 设置 setAutoCancel(true)，这样当用户点击通知后，通知自动删除。 2. 通过 NotificationManager.cancel(id) 方法，删除指定 id 的通知 3. 通过 NotificationManager.cancelAll() 方法，删除该应用的所有通知

通知的进阶用法

浮动通知

Android 5.0（API 21）引入浮动通知的展现形式，想让通知能够以浮动形式展现，需要设置 Notification 的优先级为 PRIORITY_HIGH 或者 PRIORITY_MAX 并且使用铃声或振动，示例代码如下：

 
  <span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">12</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">13</span>
 NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(context)

builder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.notification_icon)
builder.setContentTitle("My notification")
builder.setContentText("Hello World!");
// 设置通知的优先级
builder.setPriority(NotificationCompat.PRIORITY_MAX);
Uri alarmSound = RingtoneManager.getDefaultUri(RingtoneManager.TYPE_NOTIFICATION);
// 设置通知的提示音
builder.setSound(alarmSound);

NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
notificationManager.notify(id, builder.build());
 
 

锁屏上展示通知

Android 5.0 通知现在还可显示在锁定屏幕上。用户可以通过“设置”选择是否将通知显示在锁定屏幕上，并且您可以指定您应用中的通知在锁定屏幕上是否可见。通过 setVisibility() 并指定以下值之一：
1. VISIBILITY_PUBLIC 显示通知的完整内容。 2. VISIBILITY_SECRET 不会在锁定屏幕上显示此通知的任何部分。 3. VISIBILITY_PRIVATE 显示通知图标和内容标题等基本信息，但是隐藏通知的完整内容。

设置 VISIBILITY_PRIVATE 后，您还可以提供其中隐藏了某些详细信息的替换版本通知内容。例如，短信应用可能会显示一条通知，指出“您有 3 条新短信”，但是隐藏了短信内容和发件人。要提供此替换版本的通知，请先使用 NotificationCompat.Builder 创建替换通知。创建专用通知对象时，请通过 setPublicVersion() 方法为其附加替换通知。

扩展样式通知

通过 Builder.setStyle() 函数可以为通知设置扩展样式，NotificationCompat 提供了三种扩展样式：BigPictureStyle, BigTextStyle, InboxStyle。

 
  <span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">12</span>
 NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(context)

builder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.notification_icon)
builder.setContentTitle("My notification")
builder.setContentText("Hello World!");

NotificationCompat.InboxStyle inboxStyle = new NotificationCompat.InboxStyle();
inboxStyle.setBigContentTitle("邮件标题：");
for (int i=0; i < 5; i++) {
    inboxStyle.addLine("邮件内容" + i);
}
builder.setStyle(inBoxStyle);
 
 

自定义通知布局样式

通过 NotificationCompat.setContent() 可以设置自定义布局，该接口的参数为 RemoteViews 类型，通过 xml 构建出需要显示的 RemoteViews 然后调用 setContent 完成设置。自定义通知布局的可用高度取决于通知视图。普通视图布局限制为 64 dp，扩展视图布局限制为 256 dp。在 Android 4.1（API 16）以后，Notification 还支持大视图的通知，通过 Notification.bigContentView 设置对应的 RemoteViews 即可。

 
  <span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">12</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">13</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">14</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">15</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">16</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">17</span>
<span class="line-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important; background: transparent;">18</span>
 RemoteViews bigView;
RemoteViews smallView;

// 构建 bigView 和 smallView。
...

NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(context);

// 设置自定义 RemoteViews
builder.setContent(smallView).setSmallIcon(R.drawable.icon_notification);
Notification notification = builder.build();

// 如果系统版本 >= Android 4.1，设置大视图 RemoteViews
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN) {
  notification.bigContentView = bigView;
}
NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
notificationManager.notify(DAILY_PUSH_NOTIFICATION_ID, notification); 
 