python基础之字典内建函数（部分）

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@file:dictStudy.py
@time:2018/4/7 20:07
@author:xq
@contact:xiaoq_xiaoq@163.com
"""
#cmp(dict1, dict2)比较两个字典元素。备注：python3中已经被取代
#如果两个字典的元素相同返回0，如果字典dict1大于字典dict2返回1，如果字典dict1小于字典dict2返回-1

#len(dict)计算字典元素个数，即键的总数。
# myDict = {'key1':1,'key2':2}
# print(len(myDict))
#2

#str(dict)输出字典可打印的字符串表示。
# myDict = {'key1':1,'key2':2}
# print(str(myDict))
#{'key1': 1, 'key2': 2}

#dict.clear()删除字典内所有元素
# myDict = {'key1':1,'key2':2}
# myDict.clear()
# print(myDict)
#{}

#dict.copy()返回一个字典的浅复制,浅拷贝相当于引用
# myDict1 = {'key1':1,'key2':2}
# myDict2 = myDict1
# print(myDict2)
#{'key1': 1, 'key2': 2}
# del myDict1['key1']
# print(myDict1)
# print(myDict2)
# {'key2': 2}
# {'key2': 2}

#dict.fromkeys(seq[, val])创建一个新字典，以序列 seq 中元素做字典的键，val 为字典所有键对应的初始值
# seq = ['name','age','address']
# myDict =dict.fromkeys(seq)
# print(myDict)
#{'name': None, 'age': None, 'address': None}
# myDict = dict.fromkeys(seq,'10')
# print(myDict)
#{'name': '10', 'age': '10', 'address': '10'}

#dict.get(key, default=None)返回指定键的值，如果值不在字典中返回default值
# myDict = {'key1':1,'key2':2}
# print(myDict.get('key1'))
#1
# print(myDict.get('key3'))
#None
# print(myDict.get('key3',-1))
#-1

#dict.has_key(key)如果键在字典dict里返回true，否则返回false
#注意：python3中使用in:key in dict
# myDict = {'key1':1,'key2':2}
# print('key1' in myDict)
#True
# print('key3' in myDict)
#False

#dict.items()以列表返回可遍历的(键, 值) 元组数组
# myDict = {'key1':1,'key2':2}
# print(myDict.items())
#dict_items([('key1', 1), ('key2', 2)])

#dict.keys()以列表返回一个字典所有的键
# myDict = {'key1':1,'key2':2}
# print(myDict.keys())
#dict_keys(['key1', 'key2'])

#dict.setdefault(key, default=None)和get()类似, 但如果键不存在于字典中，将会添加键并将值设为default
# myDict = {'key1':1,'key2':2}
# print(myDict.setdefault('key1'))
#1
# print(myDict.setdefault('key3',4))
# print(myDict)
#4
#{'key1': 1, 'key2': 2, 'key3': 4}

#dict.update(dict2)把字典dict2的键/值对更新到dict里
# myDict1 ={'key1':1,'key2':2}
# myDict2 = {'key1':4,'key4':8}
# myDict1.update(myDict2)
# print(myDict1)
#{'key1': 4, 'key2': 2, 'key4': 8}

#dict.values()以列表返回字典中的所有值
# myDict ={'key1':1,'key2':2}
# print(myDict.values())
#dict_values([1, 2])
# print(list(myDict.values()))
#[1, 2]

#pop(key[,default])删除字典给定键 key 所对应的值，返回值为被删除的值。key值必须给出。 否则，返回default值。
# myDict ={'key1':1,'key2':2}
# print(myDict.pop('key1'))
# 1
# print(myDict)
# {'key2': 2}
# print(myDict.pop('key3'))
#KeyError: 'key3'
# print(myDict.pop('key3',-1))
# -1

#popitem()随机返回并删除字典中的一对键和值。
# myDict ={'key1':1,'key2':2}
# print(myDict.popitem())
# ('key2', 2)
# print(myDict)
# {'key1': 1}