opencv基本图像处理

1.反转图像

函数：cv::flip()

void flip(InputArray src, OutputArray dst, int flipCode);  

参数fipCode: 整数，水平发转；0垂直反转；负数，水平垂直均反转。
2.sobel边缘检测
函数：cv::sobel()

例程：

//从文件中读入图像  
const char* imagename = "lena.BMP";  
Mat img = imread(imagename);  
if(img.empty()) //如果读入图像失败  
{  
    fprintf(stderr, "Can not load image %s\n", imagename);  
    return -1;  
}  
  
namedWindow("original image");  
imshow("original image",img);  
  
  
//Mat result;  
//flip(img, result, -1);    //反转图像  
Mat sobelX, sobelY, sobel;  
Sobel(img, sobelX, CV_16S, 1, 0);  
Sobel(img, sobelY, CV_16S, 0, 1);  
sobel = abs(sobelX) + abs(sobelY);  
  
//搜索sobel极大值  
double sobmin, sobmax;  
minMaxLoc(sobel, &sobmin, &sobmax);  
  
//变换为8位图像  
//sobelImage = -alpha*sobel + 255  
Mat sobelImage;  
sobel.convertTo(sobelImage, CV_8U, -255./sobmax, 255);  
  
namedWindow("sobelImage");  
imshow("sobelImage", sobelImage);  
  
Mat sobelThresholded;  
double threadVal = 200;   
threshold(sobelImage, sobelThresholded, threadVal, 255, THRESH_BINARY);  
  
namedWindow("sobelThresholded");  
imshow("sobelThresholded", sobelThresholded);  

3. 读取单通道灰度图像

Mat img = imread("lena.bmp", 0);  
imshow("lena", img);  
建立的img是单通道的。
4. 中值滤波


CvImgProc cvImgProc;  
  
Mat img = imread("lena.bmp", 0); //读取图像  
namedWindow("lena", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);  
imshow("lena", img);  
  
Mat saltImg = img.clone(); //复制图像  
cvImgProc.salt(saltImg, 1000); //添加椒盐噪声  
namedWindow("saltlena", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);  
imshow("saltlena", saltImg);  
  
Mat blurImg;  
medianBlur(saltImg, blurImg, 3); //5*5中值滤波  
namedWindow("blurImg", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);  
imshow("blurImg", blurImg);  

5. canny边缘检测

Mat img = imread("lena.bmp", 0); //读取图像  
namedWindow("lena", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);  
imshow("lena", img);  
  
Mat contours;  
Canny(img, contours, 125, 350); //canny边缘检测  
namedWindow("contours", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);  
imshow("contours", contours);  
  
Mat contoursInv;   
threshold(contours, contoursInv, 128, 255, THRESH_BINARY_INV); //反转边缘图像  
namedWindow("contoursInv", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);  
imshow("contoursInv", contoursInv);  

6. 腐蚀操作
原理：腐蚀替换当前像素位像素集合中找到的最小像素值。

//读取输入图像  
Mat image = imread("binary.bmp");  
namedWindow("binary");  
imshow("binary", image);  
  
//腐蚀图像  
Mat eroded; //目标图像  
 //使用默认的方形结构元素(等价于以下注释掉的代码)  
erode(image, eroded, Mat());  
//Mat element(3, 3, CV_8U, Scalar(1));  
//erode(image, eroded, element);  
//显示腐蚀后的图像  
namedWindow("Eroded Image");  
imshow("Eroded Image", eroded);  
7. 膨胀操作

原理：膨胀是替换当前像素位像素集合中找到的最大像素值。

//读取输入图像  
Mat image = imread("binary.bmp");  
namedWindow("binary");  
imshow("binary", image);  
  
//膨胀图像  
Mat dilated; //目标图像  
//使用默认的方形结构元素(等价于以下注释掉的代码)  
dilate(image, dilated, Mat());  
//Mat element(3, 3, CV_8U, Scalar(1));  
//dilate(image, dilated, element);  
//显示膨胀后的图像  
namedWindow("Dilated Image");  
imshow("Dilated Image", dilated);  

还可以进行多次膨胀，只需将执行函数该为：

dilate(image, dilated, Mat(), Point(-1, -1), 3);  

8. 图像二值化


CvImgProc cvImgProc;  
  
//读取输入图像  
//Mat image = imread("lena.bmp");  
IplImage* iplImage = cvLoadImage("lena.bmp");  
  
IplImage* iplImage2 = cvCreateImage(cvSize(512, 512), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);   
  
double thresholdVal = cvImgProc.cvThresholdOtsu(iplImage);  
printf("thresholdVal = %lf", thresholdVal);  
  
Mat image(iplImage, false);  
Mat image3;  
threshold(image, image3, thresholdVal, 255, THRESH_BINARY);  
namedWindow("binary");  
imshow("binary", image3);  

得出阈值是127
version 2:


CvImgProc cvImgProc;  
  
//读取输入图像  
Mat image = imread("camera.tiff");  
  
Mat image2;  
int thresholdVal = cvImgProc.cvOtsu(image);  
printf("thresholdVal = %d", thresholdVal);  
threshold(image, image2, thresholdVal, 255, THRESH_BINARY);  
namedWindow("binary");  
imshow("binary", image2);  
imwrite("cameraBinary.bmp", image2);  

9.闭运算

//读取输入图像  
Mat image = imread("lenaBinary.bmp");  
Mat element5(3, 3, CV_8U, Scalar(1));  
Mat closed;  
morphologyEx(image, closed, MORPH_CLOSE, element5);  
namedWindow("closed");  
imshow("closed", closed);  

10.开运算

//读取输入图像  
Mat image = imread("lenaBinary.bmp");  
Mat element3(3, 3, CV_8U, Scalar(1));  
Mat opened;  
morphologyEx(image, opened, MORPH_CLOSE, element3);  
namedWindow("closed");  
imshow("closed", opened);  

11.三通道彩色图像转单通道灰度图像

//读取输入图像  
Mat image = imread("pepper.bmp");  
namedWindow("image");  
imshow("image", image);  
Mat image2;  
cvtColor(image, image2, CV_BGR2GRAY, 1); //尾参：无/0保留通道个数；1单通道；3三通道。  
namedWindow("image2");  
imshow("image2", image2);  
imwrite("pepperGray.bmp", image2);  

12.求图像的最大值和最小值

//读取输入图像  
Mat image = imread("lena.bmp");  
namedWindow("image");  
imshow("image", image);  
double minVal, maxVal;  
minMaxLoc(image, &minVal, &maxVal);  
printf("minVal = %lf\n", minVal);  
printf("maxVal = %lf\n", maxVal);  

13.角点提取

//读取输入图像  
Mat image = imread("calibrateGray.bmp");  
namedWindow("image");  
imshow("image", image);  
  
//检测角点  
Mat cornerStrength;  
cornerHarris(image, cornerStrength,   
                    3, //相邻像素的尺寸  
                    3, //滤波器的孔径大小  
                    0.01); //Harris参数  
  
//角点强度的阈值  
Mat harrisCorners;  
double thresholdVal = 0.0001;  
threshold(cornerStrength, harrisCorners, thresholdVal, 255, THRESH_BINARY_INV);  
namedWindow("harrisCorners");  
imshow("harrisCorners", harrisCorners);  
imwrite("calibrateHarris.bmp", harrisCorners);  
14.判断图像是否读入成功

//读取输入图像  
Mat image = imread("calibrateGray.bmp");  
if (!image.data)  
{  
    printf("读取图像失败\n");  
}  

15. 将unsigned char*（或BYTE*）封装成Mat类型

version 1


int width = 0;  
int height = 0;  
int lineByte = 0;  
BYTE* imData = rdWtIm.Read8bitbmp("cam1FstImArSptImage.bmp", &width, &height, &lineByte);  
printf("width = %d\n", width);  
printf("height = %d\n", height);  
printf("lineByte = %d\n", lineByte);  
  
Mat iMat(height, width, CV_8UC1, imData, lineByte);  
namedWindow("lena");  
imshow("lena", iMat);  

version 2

RdWtIm rdWtIm;  
  
int width = 0;  
int height = 0;  
int lineByte = 0;  
BYTE* imData = rdWtIm.Read8bitbmp("lena.bmp", &width, &height, &lineByte); //cam1FstImArSptImage  
printf("width = %d\n", width);  
printf("height = %d\n", height);  
printf("lineByte = %d\n", lineByte);  
  
//Scalar scal = 0;  
Mat iMat(height, width, CV_8UC1, Scalar(0));  
iMat.step = lineByte;  
iMat.data = imData;  
namedWindow("lena");  
imshow("lena", iMat);  

16.如何使图像显示窗口能够调节大小

void namedWindow(const string& winname, int flags=WINDOW_AUTOSIZE )  
将参数：flags设置成WINDOW_NORMAL即可。
举例：

namedWindow("original image", WINDOW_NORMAL);  
imshow("original image", image);  

17.如何反转图像灰度，即求图像的负片
将图像中每点的灰度变成（255-gray），其中gray是当前点的灰度。

void bitwise_not(InputArray src, OutputArray dst, InputArray mask=noArray())  

18.利用hough变换检测圆

hough变换检测圆  
vector<Vec3f> circles;  
HoughCircles(inverse, circles, CV_HOUGH_GRADIENT,  
                        1, //累加器的分辨率（图像的尺寸/2）  
                        6, //两个圆之间的最小距离  
                        100, //Canny高阈值  
                        5, //最小投票数  
                        3, 7); //极小极大半径3 10  

可以将检测出的圆绘制在图中

//绘制圆  
vector<Vec3f>::const_iterator itc = circles.begin();  
while(itc != circles.end())  
{  
    circle(inverse, Point((*itc)[0], (*itc)[1]), //圆心  
    (*itc)[2], //半径  
    Scalar(255), //颜色  
    2); //厚度  
    ++itc;  
}  

cv::f