Java中POI操作Excel常用方法

一、 POI简介
Apache POI是Apache软件基金会的开放源码函式库，POI提供API给Java程序对MicrosoftOffice格式档案读和写的功能。

二、 HSSF概况
HSSF 是HorribleSpreadSheet Format的缩写，通过HSSF，你可以用纯Java代码来读取、写入、修改Excel文件。HSSF 为读取操作提供了两类API：usermodel和eventusermodel，即“用户模型”和“事件-用户模型”。

三、 POI EXCEL文档结构类
HSSFWorkbookexcel文档对象

HSSFSheetexcel的sheetHSSFRow excel的行

HSSFCellexcel的单元格 HSSFFontexcel字体

HSSFName 名称HSSFDataFormat 日期格式

HSSFHeadersheet头

HSSFFootersheet尾

HSSFCellStylecell样式

HSSFDateUtil日期

HSSFPrintSetup打印

HSSFErrorConstants错误信息表

四、 EXCEL常用操作方法

1、得到Excel常用对象

Java代码

POIFSFileSystem fs=newPOIFSFileSystem(new     FileInputStream("d:/test.xls"));
//得到Excel工作簿对象
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
//得到Excel工作表对象
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
//得到Excel工作表的行
HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i);
//得到Excel工作表指定行的单元格
HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short) j);
cellStyle = cell.getCellStyle();//得到单元格样式
POIFSFileSystem fs=newPOIFSFileSystem(new     FileInputStream("d:/test.xls"));
//得到Excel工作簿对象
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
//得到Excel工作表对象
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
//得到Excel工作表的行
HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i);
//得到Excel工作表指定行的单元格
HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short) j);
cellStyle = cell.getCellStyle();//得到单元格样式

2、建立Excel常用对象

Java代码

HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();//创建Excel工作簿对象    
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new     sheet");//创建Excel工作表对象    
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)0); //创建Excel工作表的行    
cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();//创建单元格样式
row.createCell((short)0).setCellStyle(cellStyle); //创建Excel工作表指定行的单元格    
row.createCell((short)0).setCellValue(1); //设置Excel工作表的值    
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();//创建Excel工作簿对象
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new     sheet");//创建Excel工作表对象    
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)0); //创建Excel工作表的行
cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();//创建单元格样式
row.createCell((short)0).setCellStyle(cellStyle); //创建Excel工作表指定行的单元格
row.createCell((short)0).setCellValue(1); //设置Excel工作表的值

3、设置sheet名称和单元格内容

Java代码

wb.setSheetName(1, "第一张工作表",HSSFCell.ENCODING_UTF_16);    
cell.setEncoding((short) 1);
cell.setCellValue("单元格内容");
wb.setSheetName(1, "第一张工作表",HSSFCell.ENCODING_UTF_16);    
cell.setEncoding((short) 1);
cell.setCellValue("单元格内容");

4、取得sheet的数目

Java代码

wb.getNumberOfSheets()
wb.getNumberOfSheets()

5、根据index取得sheet对象

Java代码

HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);

6、取得有效的行数

Java代码

int rowcount = sheet.getLastRowNum();
int rowcount = sheet.getLastRowNum();

7、取得一行的有效单元格个数

Java代码

row.getLastCellNum();
row.getLastCellNum();

8、单元格值类型读写

Java代码

cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING); //设置单元格为STRING类型    
cell.getNumericCellValue();//读取为数值类型的单元格内容
cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING); //设置单元格为STRING类型
cell.getNumericCellValue();//读取为数值类型的单元格内容

9、设置列宽、行高

Java代码

sheet.setColumnWidth((short)column,(short)width);
row.setHeight((short)height);
sheet.setColumnWidth((short)column,(short)width);
row.setHeight((short)height);

10、添加区域，合并单元格

Java代码

Region region = new Region((short)rowFrom,(short)columnFrom,(short)rowTo
,(short)columnTo);//合并从第rowFrom行columnFrom列    
sheet.addMergedRegion(region);// 到rowTo行columnTo的区域
//得到所有区域
sheet.getNumMergedRegions()
Region region = new Region((short)rowFrom,(short)columnFrom,(short)rowTo
,(short)columnTo);//合并从第rowFrom行columnFrom列
sheet.addMergedRegion(region);// 到rowTo行columnTo的区域
//得到所有区域
sheet.getNumMergedRegions()

11、保存Excel文件

Java代码

FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream(path);    
wb.write(fileOut);
FileOutputStream fileOut = new     FileOutputStream(path);
wb.write(fileOut);

12、根据单元格不同属性返回字符串数值

Java代码

public String getCellStringValue(HSSFCell cell) {
String cellValue = "";
switch (cell.getCellType()) {
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING://字符串类型
cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue();
if(cellValue.trim().equals("")||cellValue.trim().length()<=0)
cellValue=" ";
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC: //数值类型
cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());    
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA: //公式
cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
cellValue =     String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK:
cellValue=" ";
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR:
break;
default:
break;
}
return cellValue;
}
public String getCellStringValue(HSSFCell cell) {
String cellValue = "";
switch (cell.getCellType()) {
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING://字符串类型
cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue();
if(cellValue.trim().equals("")||cellValue.trim().length()<=0)
cellValue=" ";
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC: //数值类型
cellValue =     String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA: //公式
cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
cellValue =     String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK:
cellValue=" ";
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR:
break;
default:
break;
}
return cellValue;
}

13、常用单元格边框格式

Java代码

HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOTTED);//下边框
style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOTTED);//左边框
style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//右边框
style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//上边框
HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOTTED);//下边框
style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOTTED);//左边框
style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//右边框
style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//上边框

14、设置字体和内容位置

Java代码

HSSFFont f = wb.createFont();
f.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 11);//字号
f.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);//加粗
style.setFont(f);
style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);//左右居中
style.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);//上下居中
style.setRotation(short rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度
HSSFDataFormat df = wb.createDataFormat();
style1.setDataFormat(df.getFormat("0.00%"));//设置单元格数据格式
cell.setCellFormula(string);//给单元格设公式
style.setRotation(short rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度
HSSFFont f = wb.createFont();
f.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 11);//字号
f.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);//加粗
style.setFont(f);
style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);//左右居中
style.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);//上下居中
style.setRotation(short rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度
HSSFDataFormat df = wb.createDataFormat();
style1.setDataFormat(df.getFormat("0.00%"));//设置单元格数据格式
cell.setCellFormula(string);//给单元格设公式
style.setRotation(short rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度

15、插入图片

Java代码

//先把读进来的图片放到一个ByteArrayOutputStream中，以便产生ByteArray
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOut = new     ByteArrayOutputStream();
BufferedImage bufferImg = ImageIO.read(new File("ok.jpg"));
ImageIO.write(bufferImg,"jpg",byteArrayOut);
//读进一个excel模版
FileInputStream fos = new FileInputStream(filePathName+"/stencil.xlt");
fs = new POIFSFileSystem(fos);
//创建一个工作薄
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
HSSFPatriarch patriarch =     sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new     HSSFClientAnchor(0,0,1023,255,(short) 0,0,(short)10,10);
patriarch.createPicture(anchor ,     wb.addPicture(byteArrayOut.toByteArray(),HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));    
//先把读进来的图片放到一个ByteArrayOutputStream中，以便产生ByteArray
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOut = new     ByteArrayOutputStream();
BufferedImage bufferImg = ImageIO.read(new File("ok.jpg"));
ImageIO.write(bufferImg,"jpg",byteArrayOut);
//读进一个excel模版
FileInputStream fos = new FileInputStream(filePathName+"/stencil.xlt");
fs = new POIFSFileSystem(fos);
//创建一个工作薄
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
HSSFPatriarch patriarch =     sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new     HSSFClientAnchor(0,0,1023,255,(short) 0,0,(short)10,10);
patriarch.createPicture(anchor ,     wb.addPicture(byteArrayOut.toByteArray(),HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));    

16、调整工作表位置

Java代码

HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format     sheet");
HSSFPrintSetup ps = sheet.getPrintSetup();
sheet.setAutobreaks(true);
ps.setFitHeight((short)1);
ps.setFitWidth((short)1);
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format     sheet");
HSSFPrintSetup ps = sheet.getPrintSetup();
sheet.setAutobreaks(true);
ps.setFitHeight((short)1);
ps.setFitWidth((short)1);

17、设置打印区域

Java代码

HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("Sheet1");
wb.setPrintArea(0, "$A$1:$C$2");
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("Sheet1");
wb.setPrintArea(0, "$A$1:$C$2");

18、标注脚注

Java代码

HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format     sheet");
HSSFFooter footer = sheet.getFooter()
footer.setRight( "Page " +     HSSFFooter.page() + " of " + HSSFFooter.numPages() );
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format     sheet");
HSSFFooter footer = sheet.getFooter()
footer.setRight( "Page " +     HSSFFooter.page() + " of " + HSSFFooter.numPages() );

19、在工作单中清空行数据，调整行位置

Java代码

HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("row     sheet");
// Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet.
// Shift rows 6 - 11 on the spreadsheet to the top     (rows 0 - 5)
sheet.shiftRows(5, 10, -5);
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("row     sheet");
// Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet.
// Shift rows 6 - 11 on the spreadsheet to the top     (rows 0 - 5)
sheet.shiftRows(5, 10, -5);

20、选中指定的工作表

Java代码

HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("row     sheet");
heet.setSelected(true);
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("row     sheet");
heet.setSelected(true);

21、工作表的放大缩小

Java代码

HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet("new     sheet");
sheet1.setZoom(1,2); // 50 percent magnification
HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet("new     sheet");
sheet1.setZoom(1,2); // 50 percent magnification

22、头注和脚注

Java代码

HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new     sheet");
HSSFHeader header = sheet.getHeader();
header.setCenter("Center Header");
header.setLeft("Left Header");
header.setRight(HSSFHeader.font("Stencil-Normal", "Italic") +
HSSFHeader.fontSize((short) 16) + "Right w/ Stencil-Normal Italic     font and size 16");
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new     sheet");
HSSFHeader header = sheet.getHeader();
header.setCenter("Center Header");
header.setLeft("Left Header");
header.setRight(HSSFHeader.font("Stencil-Normal", "Italic") +
HSSFHeader.fontSize((short) 16) + "Right w/ Stencil-Normal Italic     font and size 16");

23、自定义颜色

Java代码

HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIME.index);
style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);    
HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();
font.setColor(HSSFColor.RED.index);
style.setFont(font);
cell.setCellStyle(style);
HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIME.index);
style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);    
HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();
font.setColor(HSSFColor.RED.index);
style.setFont(font);
cell.setCellStyle(style);

24、填充和颜色设置

Java代码

HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setFillBackgroundColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index);
style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.BIG_SPOTS);
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);
cell.setCellValue("X");
style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.ORANGE.index);    
style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);    
cell.setCellStyle(style);
HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setFillBackgroundColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index);
style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.BIG_SPOTS);
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);
cell.setCellValue("X");
style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.ORANGE.index);    
style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);    
cell.setCellStyle(style);

25、强行刷新单元格公式

Java代码

HSSFFormulaEvaluator eval=new     HSSFFormulaEvaluator((HSSFWorkbook) wb);
privatestaticvoid updateFormula(Workbook wb,Sheet s,int row){
Row r=s.getRow(row);
Cell c=null;
FormulaEcaluator eval=null;
if(wb instanceof HSSFWorkbook)
eval=new HSSFFormulaEvaluator((HSSFWorkbook) wb);
elseif(wb instanceof XSSFWorkbook)
eval=new XSSFFormulaEvaluator((XSSFWorkbook) wb);
for(int i=r.getFirstCellNum();i<r.getLastCellNum();i++){    
c=r.getCell(i);
if(c.getCellType()==Cell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA)
eval.evaluateFormulaCell(c);
}
}
HSSFFormulaEvaluator eval=new     HSSFFormulaEvaluator((HSSFWorkbook) wb);
privatestaticvoid updateFormula(Workbook wb,Sheet s,int row){
Row r=s.getRow(row);
Cell c=null;
FormulaEcaluator eval=null;
if(wb instanceof HSSFWorkbook)
eval=new HSSFFormulaEvaluator((HSSFWorkbook) wb);
elseif(wb instanceof XSSFWorkbook)
eval=new XSSFFormulaEvaluator((XSSFWorkbook) wb);
for(int i=r.getFirstCellNum();i<r.getLastCellNum();i++){    
c=r.getCell(i);
if(c.getCellType()==Cell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA)
eval.evaluateFormulaCell(c);
}
}