4.R语言基础知识-1_rzoek-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xiaoheijiayoubbs/article/details/128524230

该文展示了使用R语言进行一系列数据操作的过程，包括查看工作目录、列出文件、设置新目录、赋值给变量、打印变量、删除变量、安装和查看包、导入CSV数据集、检查数据结构以及数据列名。这些步骤是数据分析的基础，揭示了R在处理和探索数据时的常用方法。

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1.查看当前工作目录

代码：

getwd() #查看当前工作目录

结果：

"C:/Users/bbs/Documents"

2.列出当前目录下的文件及文件夹
代码：

list.files() #列出当前目录下的文件及文件夹

结果：

1] "2022-07-08-Scene.mrml"          "2022-07-08-Scene.png"           "BeeViewer"                     
 [4] "config.xlaunch"                 "desktop.ini"                    "Downloads"                     
 [7] "IISExpress"                     "Kingsoft Virtual Printer Ports" "KingsoftData"                  
[10] "My eBooks"                      "My Music"                       "My Pictures"                   
[13] "My Videos"                      "My Web Sites"                   "NoteExpress"                   
[16] "RadiAntDB"                      "Segmentation.seg.nrrd"          "SlicerDICOMDatabase"           
[19] "Sunlogin Files"                 "Tencent Files"                  "Visual Studio 2019"            
[22] "WeChat Files"                   "WPS Cloud Files"                "XiaoSaiViewerConfig"           
[25] "我的形状"                       "自定义 Office 模板"

3.设置指定工作目录
代码：

setwd("G:\\玮瑜科研-影像组学与sci写作课程\\课件\\R程序")
getwd()

结果：

"G:/玮瑜科研-影像组学与sci写作课程/课件/R程序"

4.赋值
代码：

a1=3

结果：
5.打印
代码：

a1

结果：

6.删除某个变量
代码：

rm(b) #删除变量

结果：

Error: object 'b' not found

7.查看已安装工具包

library()

8.安装工具包

install.packages

9.导入CSV文件

data=read.csv("G:\\玮瑜科研-影像组学与sci写作课程\\课件\\datasets\\data_breasttumor.csv")

10.查看数据结构
代码：

View(data)

结果：
11.查看数据的列名
代码：

names(data)

结果：

[1] "ID"         "良.恶"      "良.恶.1.2." "feature1"   "feature2"   "feature3"   "feature4"  
 [8] "feature5"   "feature6"   "feature7"   "feature8"   "feature9"   "feature10"  "feature11" 
[15] "feature12"  "feature13"  "feature14"  "feature15"  "feature16"  "feature17"  "feature18" 
[22] "feature19"  "feature20"  "feature21"  "feature22"  "feature23"  "feature24"  "feature25" 
[29] "feature26"  "feature27"  "feature28"  "feature29"  "feature30"  "feature31"  "feature32" 
[36] "feature33"  "feature34"  "feature35"  "feature36"  "feature37"  "feature38"  "feature39" 
[43] "feature40"  "feature41"  "feature42"  "feature43"  "feature44"  "feature45"  "feature46" 
[50] "feature47"  "feature48"  "feature49"  "feature50"  "feature51"  "feature52"  "feature53" 
[57] "feature54"  "feature55"  "feature56"  "feature57"  "feature58"  "feature59"  "feature60"

12.查看每个变量的数据类型
代码：

str(data)

结果：

'data.frame':	569 obs. of  63 variables:
 $ ID        : int  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
 $ 良.恶     : chr  "良" "良" "良" "良" ...
 $ 良.恶.1.2.: int  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 ...
 $ feature1  : num  10.9 13.4 11.3 13.4 12.2 ...
 $ feature2  : num  18.6 16.9 14.2 30.7 15.2 ...
 $ feature3  : num  70.4 85.5 71.8 86.3 78 ...
 $ feature4  : num  370 552 397 557 458 ...
 $ feature5  : num  0.1004 0.0794 0.0938 0.0925 0.0867 ...
 $ feature6  : num  0.0746 0.057 0.0387 0.0743 0.0654 ...
 $ feature7  : num  0.04944 0.02181 0.00149 0.02819 0.01994 ...
 $ feature8  : num  0.02932 0.01473 0.00333 0.03264 0.01692 ...
 $ feature9  : num  0.149 0.165 0.195 0.138 0.164 ...
 $ feature10 : num  0.0662 0.057 0.0582 0.0602 0.0613 ...
 $ feature11 : num  0.38 0.158 0.237 0.341 0.258 ...
 $ feature12 : num  1.743 0.612 1.28 1.924 0.807 ...
 $ feature13 : num  3.02 1.04 1.56 2.29 1.96 ...
 $ feature14 : num  25.8 13.2 17.1 28.9 19 ...
 $ feature15 : num  0.00952 0.00439 0.00843 0.00584 0.0054 ...
 $ feature16 : num  0.0213 0.0125 0.009 0.0125 0.0142 ...
 $ feature17 : num  0.0199 0.01451 0.00149 0.00794 0.01051 ...
 $ feature18 : num  0.01155 0.00548 0.00333 0.00913 0.00514 ...
 $ feature19 : num  0.0208 0.0129 0.0236 0.0156 0.0133 ...
 $ feature20 : num  0.0027 0.00207 0.00163 0.00298 0.00206 ...
 $ feature21 : num  12.4 14.7 12.2 15.1 13.8 ...
 $ feature22 : num  25.6 21.7 19 41.6 21.4 ...
 $ feature23 : num  82.8 93.8 77.4 96.7 91.1 ...
 $ feature24 : num  472 664 458 706 583 ...
 $ feature25 : num  0.136 0.121 0.126 0.117 0.126 ...
 $ feature26 : num  0.1644 0.1676 0.0735 0.1421 0.1928 ...
 $ feature27 : num  0.1412 0.1364 0.00496 0.07003 0.1167 ...
 $ feature28 : num  0.0789 0.0699 0.0111 0.0776 0.0556 ...
 $ feature29 : num  0.225 0.274 0.276 0.22 0.266 ...
 $ feature30 : num  0.0773 0.0758 0.0639 0.0767 0.0796 ...
 $ feature31 : num  0.6215 0.9744 0.8547 0.0393 0.4455 ...
 $ feature32 : num  0.874 0.55 0.338 0.542 0.251 ...
 $ feature33 : num  0.1096 0.9136 0.0405 0.2279 0.3512 ...
 $ feature34 : num  0.0963 0.0247 0.3117 0.9542 0.9053 ...
 $ feature35 : num  0.102 0.77 0.295 0.161 0.256 ...
 $ feature36 : num  0.56 0.421 0.511 0.396 0.149 ...
 $ feature37 : num  0.195 0.964 0.763 0.613 0.386 ...
 $ feature38 : num  0.381 0.37 0.753 0.612 0.239 ...
 $ feature39 : num  0.8955 0.0117 0.7961 0.1821 0.0323 ...
 $ feature40 : num  0.667 0.178 0.355 0.39 0.585 ...
 $ feature41 : num  0.991 0.809 0.55 0.807 0.456 ...
 $ feature42 : num  0.676 0.181 0.996 0.891 0.696 ...
 $ feature43 : num  0.5683 0.311 0.1034 0.0532 0.9701 ...
 $ feature44 : num  0.6691 0.2245 0.1511 0.7174 0.0983 ...
 $ feature45 : num  0.268 0.835 0.171 0.677 0.243 ...
 $ feature46 : num  0.0381 0.2633 0.8071 0.7966 0.1268 ...
 $ feature47 : num  0.0122 0.3121 0.8728 0.1672 0.8644 ...
 $ feature48 : num  0.183 0.988 0.86 0.824 0.406 ...
 $ feature49 : num  0.809 0.423 0.627 0.18 0.657 ...
 $ feature50 : num  0.0834 0.368 0.0331 0.046 0.6406 ...
 $ feature51 : num  0.92 0.741 0.379 0.361 0.927 ...
 $ feature52 : num  0.0389 0.4348 0.1655 0.2113 0.6749 ...
 $ feature53 : num  0.5097 0.8181 0.0568 0.2647 0.2395 ...
 $ feature54 : num  0.2657 0.6234 0.0527 0.7371 0.3376 ...
 $ feature55 : num  0.805 0.651 0.599 0.298 0.966 ...
 $ feature56 : num  0.884 0.741 0.759 0.841 0.267 ...
 $ feature57 : num  0.279 0.338 0.692 0.725 0.591 ...
 $ feature58 : num  0.655 0.457 0.749 0.103 0.16 ...
 $ feature59 : num  0.125 0.539 0.852 0.371 0.352 ...
 $ feature60 : num  0.566 0.141 0.47 0.407 0.447 ...

13.写出.csv文件

write.table(data,"newdata.csv",row.name=TRUE,col.name=TRUE,sep=",")