C#泛型，泛型集合，泛型接口（附实例）

C#泛型 理解为“比较广泛的数据类型”，可表示任何一种数据类型，泛型类的参数实例化发生在程序运行时，而不是编译阶段。

C#泛型集合，与普通集合一一对应。普通集合在对数据进行操作时无法在编译前确定其具体类型，防止运行时频繁的拆箱，装箱而引入泛型集合。是一组强类型的集合。

对应关系如下:

泛型集合	普通集合
List<T>	ArrayList
Dictionary<T>	Hashtable
Queue<T>	Queue
Stack<T>	Stack

定义和应用泛型方法

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;


namespace CsharpJobBible
{
    class Person
    {
        string name;
        int age;
        public Person(string n, int a) { name = n; age = a; }
        public void showDetail() { Console.WriteLine("名字是{0}，年龄是{1}", name, age); }
    }
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {

            List<int> lt = new List<int>();
            for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
            { lt.Add(i); }

            Console.WriteLine("List数据列表显示如下：");
            foreach (int item in lt)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0}", item);
            }

            int a = 5, b = 6;
            Exchange<int>(ref a, ref b);
            Console.WriteLine("a是{0}，b是{1}", a, b);

            string str1 = "同一个梦想", str2 = "慧慧加油！";
            Exchange<string>(ref str1, ref str2);
            Console.WriteLine("str1是{0}，str2是{1}", str1, str2);


            Person p1 = new Person("慧慧", 25);
            Person p2 = new Person("杰杰", 22);

            List<Person> person = new List<Person>();
            person.Add(p1);
            person.Add(p2);
            foreach (Person p in person) { p.showDetail(); }

            Console.Read();

        }
        public static void Exchange<T>(ref T a, ref T b)
        {
            T temp;
            temp = a;
            a = b;
            b = temp;
        }

    }
}

泛型接口和应用

IComparer<T>接口定义了比较两个对象而实现的方法，即Compare方法
//IComparer接口的作用作为参数传入sort()方法，并实现对象比较方式的排序
//Sort方法的参数是IComparer，也称为比较器，如果将不同的比较强传入sort方法，就可实现不同的比较方式
//实现对学生按照姓名、年龄、年级的排序。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace CsharpJobBible
{
    public class Student
    {
        private string name;
        private int age;
        private string grade;

        public string Name { get { return name; } set { name = value; } }
        public int Age { get { return age; } set { age = value; } }
        public string Grade { get { return grade; } set { grade = value; } }

        public Student(string n, int a, string g)
        { this.name = n; this.age = a; this.grade = g; }
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return this.name + this.age.ToString() + this.grade.ToString();
        }
    }

    public class StudentComparer : IComparer<Student>
    {
        public enum CompareType { name, age, grade };
        private CompareType type;

        public StudentComparer(CompareType type)
        {
            this.type = type;
        }
        public int Compare(Student x, Student y)
        {
            switch (this.type)
            {
                case CompareType.name:
                    return x.Name.CompareTo(y.Name);
                case CompareType.age:
                    return x.Age.CompareTo(y.Age);
                case CompareType.grade:
                    return x.Grade.CompareTo(y.Grade);
                default: return x.Age.CompareTo(y.Age);
            }
        }

    }

    class T_Interface
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            List<Student> student = new List<Student>();
            Student stu1 = new Student("张里 ", 13, " 6年级");
            Student stu2 = new Student("王鑫 ", 12, " 2年级");
            Student stu3 = new Student("苏阳 ", 15, " 3年级");
            student.Add(stu1);
            student.Add(stu2);
            student.Add(stu3);
            //student.Sort(new StudentComparer(StudentComparer.CompareType.age));
            //student.Sort(new StudentComparer(StudentComparer.CompareType.name));
            student.Sort(new StudentComparer(StudentComparer.CompareType.grade));

            foreach (Student item in student)
            { Console.WriteLine(item.ToString()); }
            Console.Read();
        }
    }
}