SQL HAVING 子句

• HAVING 子句使你能够指定过滤条件，从而控制查询结果中哪些组可以出现在最终结果里面。

• WHERE 子句对被选择的列施加条件，而 HAVING 子句则对 GROUP BY 子句所产生的组施加条件。

语法

SELECT
FROM
WHERE
GROUP BY
HAVING
ORDER BY

*在 SELECT 查询中，HAVING 子句必须紧随 GROUP BY 子句，并出现在 ORDER BY 子句（如果有的话）之前。带有 HAVING 子句的 SELECT 语句的语法

SELECT column1, column2   
FROM table1, table2
WHERE [ conditions ]
GROUP BY column1, column2
HAVING [ conditions ]
ORDER BY column1, column2

示例1

SELECT ID, NAME, AGE, ADDRESS, SALARY
FROM CUSTOMERS
GROUP BY age
HAVING COUNT(age) >= 2;

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示例2

需求：SQL语句列出了每个国家/地区的客户数量。只包括超过5位客户的国家/地区：

SELECT COUNT(CustomerID), Country
FROM Customers
GROUP BY Country
HAVING COUNT(CustomerID) > 5;

需求：SQL语句列出每个国家的客户数量，从高到低排序（仅包括拥有超过5名客户的国家/地区）：

SELECT COUNT(CustomerID), Country
FROM Customers
GROUP BY Country
HAVING COUNT(CustomerID) > 5
ORDER BY COUNT(CustomerID) DESC;

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示例3

需求1：SQL语句列出已注册超过10个订单的员工

SELECT Employees.LastName, COUNT(Orders.OrderID) AS NumberOfOrders
FROM (Orders
INNER JOIN Employees ON Orders.EmployeeID = Employees.EmployeeID)
GROUP BY LastName
HAVING COUNT(Orders.OrderID) > 10;

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需求2：SQL语句列出员工“Davolio”或“Fuller”是否已注册超过25个订单

SELECT Employees.LastName, COUNT(Orders.OrderID) AS NumberOfOrders
FROM Orders
INNER JOIN Employees ON Orders.EmployeeID = Employees.EmployeeID
WHERE LastName = 'Davolio' OR LastName = 'Fuller'
GROUP BY LastName
HAVING COUNT(Orders.OrderID) > 25;