1、RSA和AES的区别:
总结于:http://www.360doc.com/content/16/0606/15/12385684_565529546.shtml#
RSA:
是公开密钥系统的代表;
安全性:建立在具有大素数因子的合数,其因子分解困难这一法则之上;
处理速度慢;
密钥管理:加解密过程中不必网络传输保密的密钥;密钥管理优于AES算法;
RSA加解密速度慢,不适合大量数据文件加密;
AES:
Rijndael算法是新一代的高级加密标准,运行时不需计算机有非常高的处理能力和大的内存;
操作可以很容易的抵御时间和空间的攻击,在不同的运行环境下始终保持良好的性能;
AES密钥长度:最长只有256bit,可用软件和硬件实现高速处理;
密钥管理:要求在通信前对密钥进行秘密分配,解密的私钥必须通过网络传送至加密数据接收方;
AES加密速度很快;
AES+RSA:
使用AES对称密码体制对传输数据加密,同时使用RSA不对称密码体制来传送AES的密钥,就可以综合发挥AES和RSA的优点同时
避免它们缺点来实现一种新的数据加密方案
2、RSA签名和验签的流程图:
特点:只需交换公钥;公/秘钥机制,公钥加密,私钥解密;(或者私钥加密,公钥解密);公钥负责加密,私钥负责解密;私钥负责签名,公钥负责验证。
缺点:加解密速度慢,特别是解密
3、AES框图:
特点:加解密用同一秘钥
优点:速度快,效率高;
存在的问题:秘钥交换问题
4、AES+RSA=数据加密方案:
流程:
接收方创建RSA秘钥对,
发送RSA公钥给发送方,自己保留RSA私钥
发送方创建AES密钥,加密待传送的明文,之后用RSA公钥加密该密钥,
RSA公钥加密AES的密钥+AES密钥加密明文的密文----通过Internet发给---->接收方
接收方用RSA私钥解密加密的密钥,之后再用解密后的AES密钥解密数据密文,得到明文。
示例代码:AES
public class AESUtil { private static final String KEY = "zxcvbnmqwertyu12341"; private static final String ALGORITHMSTR = "AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding"; /** * 加密 * @param content 要加密数据 * @param encryptKey 加密秘钥 * @return */ public static String AESEncode(String encryptKey,String content){ try { return aesEncrypt(encryptKey,content); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); return ""; } } /** * 解密 * @param content 要解密数据 * @param decryptKey 解密秘钥 * @return */ public static String AESDncode(String decryptKey, String content){ try { return aesDecrypt(decryptKey,content); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); return ""; } } /** * 获取加密字符串 * @param encryptKey 秘钥 * @param content 要加密数据 * @return * @throws Exception */ private static String aesEncrypt(String encryptKey, String content) throws Exception { //10.将加密后的数据转换为字符串 //这里用Base64Encoder中会找不到包 //解决办法: //在项目的Build path中先移除JRE System Library,再添加库JRE System Library,重新编译后就一切正常了。 return base64Encode(aesEncryptToBytes(encryptKey, content)); } /** * 将加密数据进行base64解密 * @param encryptData * @param decryptKey * @return * @throws Exception */ private static String aesDecrypt(String decryptKey, String encryptData) throws Exception { //将加密并编码后的内容解码成字节数组 return StringUtils.isEmpty(encryptData) ? null : aesDecryptByBytes(decryptKey,base64Decode(encryptData)); } /** * 获取加密数据 * 1.构造密钥生成器 * 2.根据encryptKey规则初始化密钥生成器 * 3.产生密钥 * 4.创建和初始化密码器 * 5.内容加密 * 6.返回字符串 * @param encryptKey 秘钥 * @param content 要加密数据 * @return * @throws Exception */ private static byte[] aesEncryptToBytes(String encryptKey,String content) throws Exception { try { //1.构造密钥生成器,指定为AES算法,不区分大小写 KeyGenerator keygen=KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES"); //2.根据ecnodeRules规则初始化密钥生成器 //生成一个128位的随机源,根据传入的字节数组 keygen.init(128, new SecureRandom(encryptKey.getBytes())); //3.产生原始对称密钥 SecretKey original_key=keygen.generateKey(); //4.获得原始对称密钥的字节数组 byte [] raw=original_key.getEncoded(); //5.根据字节数组生成AES密钥 SecretKey secretKey=new SecretKeySpec(raw, "AES"); //6.根据指定算法AES自成密码器 Cipher cipher=Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding"); //7.初始化密码器,第一个参数为加密(Encrypt_mode)或者解密解密(Decrypt_mode)操作,第二个参数为使用的KEY cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey); //8.获取加密内容的字节数组(这里要设置为utf-8)不然内容中如果有中文和英文混合中文就会解密为乱码 byte [] byte_encode=content.getBytes("utf-8"); //9.根据密码器的初始化方式--加密:将数据加密 byte [] byte_AES=cipher.doFinal(byte_encode); return byte_AES; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new Exception(e); } } /* * 解密 * 解密过程: * 1.同加密1-4步 * 2.将加密后的字符串反纺成byte[]数组 * 3.将加密内容解密 */ private static String aesDecryptByBytes(String decryptKey,byte[] encryptBytes) throws Exception{ try { //1.构造密钥生成器,指定为AES算法,不区分大小写 KeyGenerator keygen=KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES"); //2.根据ecnodeRules规则初始化密钥生成器 //生成一个128位的随机源,根据传入的字节数组 keygen.init(128, new SecureRandom(decryptKey.getBytes())); //3.产生原始对称密钥 SecretKey original_key=keygen.generateKey(); //4.获得原始对称密钥的字节数组 byte [] raw=original_key.getEncoded(); //5.根据字节数组生成AES密钥 SecretKey key=new SecretKeySpec(raw, "AES"); //6.根据指定算法AES自成密码器 Cipher cipher=Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding"); //7.初始化密码器,第一个参数为加密(Encrypt_mode)或者解密(Decrypt_mode)操作,第二个参数为使用的KEY cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key); // 解密 byte [] byte_decode=cipher.doFinal(encryptBytes); String AES_decode=new String(byte_decode,"utf-8"); return AES_decode; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new Exception(e); } } private static String base64Encode(byte[] bytes) { return Base64.encodeBase64String(bytes); } private static byte[] base64Decode(String base64Code) throws Exception { return StringUtils.isEmpty(base64Code) ? null : (new BASE64Decoder()).decodeBuffer(base64Code); } public static void main(String[] args) { //加密 String aesEncode = AESUtil.AESEncode(KEY, "NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNaaaaaaaaaaaaaa123123"); System.out.println(aesEncode); //解密 String dncode = AESUtil.AESDncode(KEY, aesEncode); System.out.println(dncode); } }
示例代码:RSA public class RsaUtil { public RsaUtil() { } public static final String CHARSET = "UTF-8"; public static final String RSA_ALGORITHM = "RSA"; public static Map<String, String> createKeys(int keySize){ //为RSA算法创建一个KeyPairGenerator对象 KeyPairGenerator kpg; try{ kpg = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM); }catch(NoSuchAlgorithmException e){ throw new IllegalArgumentException("No such algorithm-->[" + RSA_ALGORITHM + "]"); } //初始化KeyPairGenerator对象,密钥长度 kpg.initialize(keySize); //生成密匙对 KeyPair keyPair = kpg.generateKeyPair(); //得到公钥 Key publicKey = keyPair.getPublic(); String publicKeyStr = Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(publicKey.getEncoded()); //得到私钥 Key privateKey = keyPair.getPrivate(); String privateKeyStr = Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(privateKey.getEncoded()); Map<String, String> keyPairMap = new HashMap<String, String>(); keyPairMap.put("publicKey", publicKeyStr); keyPairMap.put("privateKey", privateKeyStr); return keyPairMap; } /** * 得到公钥 * @param publicKey 密钥字符串(经过base64编码) * @throws Exception */ public static RSAPublicKey getPublicKey(String publicKey) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException { //通过X509编码的Key指令获得公钥对象 KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM); X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(publicKey)); RSAPublicKey key = (RSAPublicKey) keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec); return key; } /** * 得到私钥 * @param privateKey 密钥字符串(经过base64编码) * @throws Exception */ public static RSAPrivateKey getPrivateKey(String privateKey) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException { //通过PKCS#8编码的Key指令获得私钥对象 KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM); PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(privateKey)); RSAPrivateKey key = (RSAPrivateKey) keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec); return key; } /** * 公钥加密 * @param data * @param publicKey * @return */ public static String publicEncrypt(String data, RSAPublicKey publicKey){ try{ Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey); return Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(rsaSplitCodec(cipher, Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, data.getBytes(CHARSET), publicKey.getModulus().bitLength())); }catch(Exception e){ throw new RuntimeException("加密字符串[" + data + "]时遇到异常", e); } } /** * 私钥解密 * @param data * @param privateKey * @return */ public static String privateDecrypt(String data, String privateKey){ try{ RSAPrivateKey privateKeyRSA = RsaUtil.getPrivateKey(privateKey); Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKeyRSA); return new String(rsaSplitCodec(cipher, Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, Base64.decodeBase64(data), privateKeyRSA.getModulus().bitLength()), CHARSET); }catch(Exception e){ throw new RuntimeException("解密字符串[" + data + "]时遇到异常", e); } } private static byte[] rsaSplitCodec(Cipher cipher, int opmode, byte[] datas, int keySize){ int maxBlock = 0; if(opmode == Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE){ maxBlock = keySize / 8; }else{ maxBlock = keySize / 8 - 11; } ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); int offSet = 0; byte[] buff; int i = 0; try{ while(datas.length > offSet){ if(datas.length-offSet > maxBlock){ buff = cipher.doFinal(datas, offSet, maxBlock); }else{ buff = cipher.doFinal(datas, offSet, datas.length-offSet); } out.write(buff, 0, buff.length); i++; offSet = i * maxBlock; } }catch(Exception e){ throw new RuntimeException("加解密阀值为["+maxBlock+"]的数据时发生异常", e); } byte[] resultDatas = out.toByteArray(); IOUtils.closeQuietly(out); return resultDatas; } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String str = "123456advvd"; //加密 String aesEncode = AESUtil.AESEncode(str, "NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNaaaaaaaaaaaaaa123123"); System.out.println("要加密明文数据:" + aesEncode); Map<String, String> keyMap = RsaUtil.createKeys(1024); String publicKey = keyMap.get("publicKey"); String privateKey = keyMap.get("privateKey"); System.out.println("公钥: \n\r" + publicKey); System.out.println("私钥: \n\r" + privateKey); System.out.println("公钥加密——私钥解密"); System.out.println("\r明文:\r\n" + str); System.out.println("\r明文大小:\r\n" + str.getBytes().length); String encodedData = RsaUtil.publicEncrypt(str, RsaUtil.getPublicKey(publicKey)); System.out.println("秘钥密文:\r\n" + encodedData); String decodedData = RsaUtil.privateDecrypt(encodedData, privateKey); System.out.println("解密后秘钥: \r\n" + decodedData); //解密 String dncode = AESUtil.AESDncode(decodedData, aesEncode); System.out.println("解密后数据" + dncode); } }