这次讲讲openwrt的结构.
1. 代码上来看有几个重要目录package, target, build_root, bin, dl....
---build_dir/host目录是建立工具链时的临时目录
---build_dir/toolchain-<arch>*是对应硬件的工具链的目录
---staging_dir/toolchain-<arch>* 则是工具链的安装位置
---target/linux/<platform>目录里面是各个平台(arch)的相关代码
---target/linux/<platform>/config-3.10文件就是配置文件了
---dl目录是'download'的缩写, 在编译前期,需要从网络下载的数据包都会放在这个目录下,这些软件包的一个特点就是,会自动安装在所编译的固件中,也就是我们make menuconfig的时候,为固件配置的一些软件包。如果我们需要更改这些源码包,只需要将更改好的源码包打包成相同的名字放在这个目录下,然后开始编译即可。编译时,会将软件包解压到build_dir目录下。
---而在build_dir/目录下进行解压,编译和打补丁等。
---package目录里面包含了我们在配置文件里设定的所有编译好的软件包。默认情况下,会有默认选择的软件包。在openwrt中ipk就是一切, 我们可以使用
$ ./scripts/feeds update来对软件包进行更新.
$ ./scripts/feeds search nmap 查找软件包'nmap'
Search results in feed ’packages’:
nmap Network exploration and/or security auditing utility
$ ./scripts/feeds install nmap 安装'nmap'这个软件
$ make package/symlinks //估计意思是更新软件源之类的
---bin目录下生成了很多bin文件,根据不同的平台来区分。另外bin/<platform>/package目录,里面有很多ipk后缀的文件,都是package目录下的源码在build_dir目录下编译后的生成的结果。
2. 新建自己的packages
对于自己新建的package,而这个package又不需要随固件一起安装,换句话说,就是可以当做一个可选软件包的话。我们可以利用我们的SDK环境来单独编译,编译后会生成一个ipk的文件包。然后利用 opkg install xxx.ipk 来安装这个软件。
下面具体说下,如何编译一个helloword的软件包。
(1)首先,编写helloworld程序
编写helloworld.c
/****************
* Helloworld.c
* The most simplistic C program ever written.
* An epileptic monkey on crack could write this code.
*****************/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(void)
{
printf("Hell! O' world, why won't my code compile?\n\n");
return 0;
}
编写Makefile文件
# build helloworld executable when user executes "make"
helloworld: helloworld.o
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) helloworld.o -o helloworld
helloworld.o: helloworld.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c helloworld.c
# remove object files and executable when user executes "make clean"
clean:
rm *.o helloworld
在这两个文件的目录下,执行make 应该可以生成helloworld的可执行文件。执行helloworld后,能够打印出“Hell!O' world, why won't my code compile?”。 这一步,主要保证我们的源程序是可以正常编译的。
下面我们将其移植到OpenWRT上。
(2)将OpenWrt-SDK-brcm47xx-for-Linux-x86_64-gcc-4.3.3+cs_uClibc-0.9.30.1.tar.bz2解压
tar –xvf OpenWrt-SDK-brcm47xx-for-Linux-x86_64-gcc-4.3.3+cs_uClibc-0.9.30.1.tar.bz2
(3)进入SDK
cd OpenWrt-SDK-brcm47xx-for-Linux-x86_64-gcc-4.3.3+cs_uClibc-0.9.30.1
可以看到里面的目录结构跟我们之前source的目录结构基本相同,所需要编译的软件包,需要放置在package目录下
(4)在package目录下创建helloworld目录
cd package
mkdir helloworld
cd helloworld
(5)创建src目录,拷贝 helloworld文件
mkdir src
cp /home/wrt/test/helloworld.c src
cp /home/wrt/test/Makefile src
(6)在helloworld目录下创建Makefile文件
这个Makefile文件是给OpenWRT读的,而之前写的那个Makefile文件是针对helloworld给编译其读的。两个Makefile不在同一层目录下。
touch Makefile
vim Makefile
Makefile文件模板内容如下:
- ##############################################
- # OpenWrt Makefile for HelloWorld program
- #
- #
- # Most of the variables used here are defined in
- # the include directives below. We just need to
- # specify a basic description of the package,
- # where to build our program, where to find
- # the source files, and where to install the
- # compiled program on the router.
- #
- # Be very careful of spacing in this file.
- # Indents should be tabs, not spaces, and
- # there should be no trailing whitespace in
- # lines that are not commented.
- #
- ##############################################
- include $(TOPDIR)/rules.mk
- # Name and release number of this package
- PKG_NAME:=HelloWorld
- PKG_RELEASE:=1
- # This specifies the directory where we're going to build the program.
- # The root build directory, $(BUILD_DIR), is by default the build_mipsel
- # directory in your OpenWrt SDK directory
- PKG_BUILD_DIR := $(BUILD_DIR)/$(PKG_NAME)
- include $(INCLUDE_DIR)/package.mk
- # Specify package information for this program.
- # The variables defined here should be self explanatory.
- # If you are running Kamikaze, delete the DESCRIPTION
- # variable below and uncomment the Kamikaze define
- # directive for the description below
- define Package/HelloWorld
- SECTION:=utils
- CATEGORY:=Utilities
- TITLE:=HelloWorld -- prints a snarky message
- endef
- # Uncomment portion below for Kamikaze and delete DESCRIPTION variable above
- define Package/HelloWorld/description
- If you can't figure out what this program does, you're probably brain-dead and need immediate medical attention.
- endef
- # Specify what needs to be done to prepare for building the package.
- # In our case, we need to copy the source files to the build directory.
- # This is NOT the default. The default uses the PKG_SOURCE_URL and the
- # PKG_SOURCE which is not defined here to download the source from the web.
- # In order to just build a simple program that we have just written, it is
- # much easier to do it this way.
- define Build/Prepare
- mkdir -p $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)
- $(CP) ./src/* $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)/
- endef
- # We do not need to define Build/Configure or Build/Compile directives
- # The defaults are appropriate for compiling a simple program such as this one
- # Specify where and how to install the program. Since we only have one file,
- # the HelloWorld executable, install it by copying it to the /bin directory on
- # the router. The $(1) variable represents the root directory on the router running
- # OpenWrt. The $(INSTALL_DIR) variable contains a command to prepare the install
- # directory if it does not already exist. Likewise $(INSTALL_BIN) contains the
- # command to copy the binary file from its current location (in our case the build
- # directory) to the install directory.
- define Package/HelloWorld/install
- $(INSTALL_DIR) $(1)/bin
- $(INSTALL_BIN) $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)/HelloWorld $(1)/bin/
- endef
- # This line executes the necessary commands to compile our program.
- # The above define directives specify all the information needed, but this
- # line calls BuildPackage which in turn actually uses this information to
- # build a package.
- $(eval $(call BuildPackage,HelloWorld))
(7)返回到SDK的根目录
执行make进行编译
编译过程会在build_dir目录下完成
编译结果会放在 bin/[yourtarget]/package目录下helloworld_1_bcm47xx.ipk
(8)上传helloworld_1_bcm47xx.ipk
上传helloworld_1_bcm47xx.ipk至路由器
执行# opkg install helloworld_1_bcm47xx.ipk
然后输入hello然后按Tab键,发现openwrt中已经有helloworld可执行命令。
执行 helloworld命令来查看程序的效果。
Hell! O' world, why won't my code compile?