Java回顾之I/O

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-22 14:15:06 发布

杀不死de坏蛋

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-22 14:15:06 发布

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文章标签： java IO

我计划在接下来的几篇文章中快速回顾一下Java，主要是一些基础的JDK相关的内容。

　　工作后，使用的技术随着项目的变化而变化，时而C#，时而Java，当然还有其他一些零碎的技术。总体而言，C#的使用时间要更长一些，其次是Java。我本身对语言没有什么倾向性，能干活的语言，就是好语言。而且从面向对象的角度来看，我觉得C#和Java对我来说，没什么区别。

　　这篇文章主要回顾Java中和I/O操作相关的内容，I/O也是编程语言的一个基础特性，Java中的I/O分为两种类型，一种是顺序读取，一种是随机读取。

　　我们先来看顺序读取，有两种方式可以进行顺序读取，一种是InputStream/OutputStream，它是针对字节进行操作的输入输出流；另外一种是Reader/Writer，它是针对字符进行操作的输入输出流。

　　下面我们画出InputStream的结构

FileInputStream：操作文件，经常和BufferedInputStream一起使用
PipedInputStream：可用于线程间通信
ObjectInputStream：可用于对象序列化
ByteArrayInputStream：用于处理字节数组的输入
LineNumberInputStream：可输出当前行数，并且可以在程序中进行修改

　　下面是OutputStream的结构

PrintStream：提供了类似print和println的接口去输出数据

　　下面我们来看如何使用Stream的方式来操作输入输出

使用InputStream读取文件

public static byte[] readFileByFileInputStream(File file) throws IOException
{
    ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    FileInputStream fis = null;
    try
    {
        fis = new FileInputStream(file);
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int bytesRead = 0;
        while((bytesRead = fis.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length)) != -1)
        {
            output.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
        }
    }
    catch(Exception ex)
    {
        System.out.println("Error occurs during reading " + file.getAbsoluteFile());
    }
    finally
    {
        if (fis !=null) fis.close();
        if (output !=null) output.close();
    }
    return output.toByteArray();
}

public static byte[] readFileByBufferedInputStream(File file) throws Exception
{
    FileInputStream fis = null;
    BufferedInputStream bis = null;
    ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    try
    {
        fis = new FileInputStream(file);
        bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis);
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int bytesRead = 0;
        while((bytesRead = bis.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length)) != -1)
        {
            output.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
        }
    }
    catch(Exception ex)
    {
        System.out.println("Error occurs during reading " + file.getAbsoluteFile());
    }
    finally
    {
        if (fis != null) fis.close();
        if (bis != null) bis.close();
        if (output != null) output.close();
    }
    return output.toByteArray();
}

使用OutputStream复制文件

public static void copyFileByFileOutputStream(File file) throws IOException
{
    FileInputStream fis = null;
    FileOutputStream fos = null;
    try
    {
        fis = new FileInputStream(file);
        fos = new FileOutputStream(file.getName() + ".bak");
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int bytesRead = 0;
        while((bytesRead = fis.read(buffer,0,buffer.length)) != -1)
        {
            fos.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
        }
        fos.flush();
    }
    catch(Exception ex)
    {
        System.out.println("Error occurs during copying " + file.getAbsoluteFile());
    }
    finally
    {
        if (fis != null) fis.close();
        if (fos != null) fos.close();
    }
}

public static void copyFilebyBufferedOutputStream(File file)throws IOException
{
    FileInputStream fis = null;
    BufferedInputStream bis = null;
    FileOutputStream fos = null;
    BufferedOutputStream bos = null;
    try
    {
        fis = new FileInputStream(file);
        bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis);
        fos = new FileOutputStream(file.getName() + ".bak");
        bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fos);
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int bytesRead = 0;
        while((bytesRead = bis.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length)) != -1)
        {
            bos.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
        }
        bos.flush();
    }
    catch(Exception ex)
    {
        System.out.println("Error occurs during copying " + file.getAbsoluteFile());
    }
    finally
    {
        if (fis != null) fis.close();
        if (bis != null) bis.close();
        if (fos != null) fos.close();
        if (bos != null) bos.close();
    }
}

这里的代码对异常的处理非常不完整，稍后我们会给出完整严谨的代码。

　　下面我们来看Reader的结构

　　这里的Reader基本上和InputStream能够对应上。　　

　　Writer的结构如下

下面我们来看一些使用Reader或者Writer的例子

使用Reader读取文件内容

public static String readFile(String file)throws IOException
{
    BufferedReader br = null;
    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
    try
    {
        br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
        String line = null;
        
        while((line = br.readLine()) != null)
        {
            sb.append(line);
        }
    }
    catch(Exception ex)
    {
        System.out.println("Error occurs during reading " + file);
    }
    finally
    {
        if (br != null) br.close();
    }
    return sb.toString();
}

使用Writer复制文件

public static void copyFile(String file) throws IOException
{ 
    BufferedReader br = null;
    BufferedWriter bw = null;
    try
    {
        br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
        bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(file + ".bak"));
        String line = null;
        while((line = br.readLine())!= null)
        {
            bw.write(line);
        }
    }
    catch(Exception ex)
    {
        System.out.println("Error occurs during copying " + file);
    }
    finally
    {
        if (br != null) br.close();
        if (bw != null) bw.close();
    }
}

下面我们来看如何对文件进行随机访问，Java中主要使用RandomAccessFile来对文件进行随机操作。

创建一个大小固定的文件

public static void createFile(String file, int size) throws IOException
{
    File temp = new File(file);
    RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(temp, "rw");
    raf.setLength(size);
    raf.close();
}

向文件中随机写入数据

public static void writeFile(String file, byte[] content, int startPos, int contentLength) throws IOException
{
    RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(new File(file), "rw");
    raf.seek(startPos);
    raf.write(content, 0, contentLength);
    raf.close();
}

接下里，我们来看一些其他的常用操作

移动文件

public static boolean moveFile(String sourceFile, String destFile)
{
    File source = new File(sourceFile);
    if (!source.exists()) throw new RuntimeException("source file does not exist.");
    File dest = new File(destFile);
    if (!(new File(dest.getPath()).exists())) new File(dest.getParent()).mkdirs();
    return source.renameTo(dest);
}

复制文件

public static void copyFile(String sourceFile, String destFile) throws IOException
{
    File source = new File(sourceFile);
    if (!source.exists()) throw new RuntimeException("File does not exist.");
    if (!source.isFile()) throw new RuntimeException("It is not file.");
    if (!source.canRead()) throw new RuntimeException("File cound not be read.");
    File dest = new File(destFile);
    if (dest.exists())
    {
        if (dest.isDirectory()) throw new RuntimeException("Destination is a folder.");
        else
        {
            dest.delete();
        }
    }
    else
    {
        File parentFolder = new File(dest.getParent());
        if (!parentFolder.exists()) parentFolder.mkdirs();
        if (!parentFolder.canWrite()) throw new RuntimeException("Destination can not be written.");
    }
    FileInputStream fis = null;
    FileOutputStream fos = null;
    try
    {
        fis = new FileInputStream(source);
        fos = new FileOutputStream(dest);
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int bytesRead = 0;
        while((bytesRead = fis.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length)) != -1)
        {
            fos.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
        }
        fos.flush();
    }
    catch(IOException ex)
    {
        System.out.println("Error occurs during copying " + sourceFile);
    }
    finally
    {
        if (fis != null) fis.close();
        if (fos != null) fos.close();
    }
}

复制文件夹

<pre name="code" class="html" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">public static void copyDir(String sourceDir, String destDir) throws IOException
{
    
    File source = new File(sourceDir);
    if (!source.exists()) throw new RuntimeException("Source does not exist.");
    if (!source.canRead()) throw new RuntimeException("Source could not be read.");
    File dest = new File(destDir);
    if (!dest.exists()) dest.mkdirs();
    
    File[] arrFiles = source.listFiles();
    for(int i = 0; i < arrFiles.length; i++)
    {
        if (arrFiles[i].isFile())
        {
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(arrFiles[i]));
            BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(destDir + "/" + arrFiles[i].getName()));
            String line = null;
            while((line = reader.readLine()) != null) writer.write(line);
            writer.flush();
            reader.close();
            writer.close();
        }
        else
        {
            copyDir(sourceDir + "/" + arrFiles[i].getName(), destDir + "/" + arrFiles[i].getName());
        }
    }
}

删除文件夹

删除文件夹
public static void del(String filePath)
{
    File file = new File(filePath);
    if (file == null || !file.exists()) return;
    if (file.isFile())
    {
        file.delete();
    }
    else
    {
        File[] arrFiles = file.listFiles();
        if (arrFiles.length > 0)
        {
            for(int i = 0; i < arrFiles.length; i++)
            {
                del(arrFiles[i].getAbsolutePath());
            }
        }
        file.delete();
    }
}

获取文件夹大小

public static long getFolderSize(String dir)
{
    long size = 0;
    File file = new File(dir);
    if (!file.exists()) throw new RuntimeException("dir does not exist.");
    if (file.isFile()) return file.length();
    else
    {
        String[] arrFileName = file.list();
        for (int i = 0; i < arrFileName.length; i++)
        {
            size += getFolderSize(dir + "/" + arrFileName[i]);
        }
    }
    
    return size;
}

将大文件切分为多个小文件

public static void splitFile(String filePath, long unit) throws IOException
{
    File file = new File(filePath);
    if (!file.exists()) throw new RuntimeException("file does not exist.");
    long size = file.length();
    if (unit >= size) return;
    int count = size % unit == 0 ? (int)(size/unit) : (int)(size/unit) + 1;
    String newFile = null;
    FileOutputStream fos = null;
    FileInputStream fis =null;
    byte[] buffer = new byte[(int)unit];
    fis = new FileInputStream(file);
    long startPos = 0;
    String countFile = filePath + "_Count";
    PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter( new File(countFile)));
    writer.println(filePath + "\t" + size);
    for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++)
    {
        newFile = filePath + "_" + i;
        startPos = (i - 1) * unit;
        System.out.println("Creating " + newFile);
        fos = new FileOutputStream(new File(newFile));
        int bytesRead = fis.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
        if (bytesRead != -1)
        {
            fos.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
            writer.println(newFile + "\t" + startPos + "\t" + bytesRead);
        }
        fos.flush();
        fos.close();
        System.out.println("StartPos:" + i*unit + "; EndPos:" + (i*unit + bytesRead));
    }
    writer.flush();
    writer.close();
    fis.close();
}

将多个小文件合并为一个大文件

public static void linkFiles(String countFile) throws IOException
{
    File file = new File(countFile);
    if (!file.exists()) throw new RuntimeException("Count file does not exist.");
    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
    String line = reader.readLine();
    String newFile = line.split("\t")[0];
    long size = Long.parseLong(line.split("\t")[1]);
    RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(newFile, "rw");
    raf.setLength(size);
    FileInputStream fis = null;
    byte[] buffer = null;
    
    while((line = reader.readLine()) != null)
    {
        String[] arrInfo = line.split("\t");
        fis = new FileInputStream(new File(arrInfo[0]));
        buffer = new byte[Integer.parseInt(arrInfo[2])];
        long startPos = Long.parseLong(arrInfo[1]);
        fis.read(buffer, 0, Integer.parseInt(arrInfo[2]));
        raf.seek(startPos);
        raf.write(buffer, 0, Integer.parseInt(arrInfo[2]));
        fis.close();
    }
    raf.close();
}

执行外部命令

public static void execExternalCommand(String command, String argument)
{
    Process process = null;
    try
    {
        process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command + " " + argument);
        InputStream is = process.getInputStream();
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
        String line = null;
        while((line = br.readLine()) != null)
        {
            System.out.println(line);
        }
    }
    catch(Exception ex)
    {
        System.err.println(ex.getMessage());
    }
    finally
    {
        if (process != null) process.destroy();
    }
}

作者：李胜攀

出处： http://wing011203.cnblogs.com/

本文版权归作者和博客园共有，欢迎转载，但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明，且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接，否则保留追究法律责任的权利。