在Android中,Activity主要负责前台页面的展示,Service主要负责需要长期运行的任务,所以在我们实际开发中,就会常常遇到Activity与Service之间的通信,我们一般在Activity中启动后台Service,通过Intent来启动,Intent中我们可以传递数据给Service,而当我们Service执行某些操作之后想要更新UI线程,我们应该怎么做呢?接下来我就介绍两种方式来实现Service与Activity之间的通信问题。
Service知识重温
Service主要在后台运行,我们可以在这里做网络状态监测,地理位置监测,文件下载以及系统状态监测等,然后通过broadcast广播,发送给前台进行处理。Service不是Thread,Service 是android的一种机制,当它运行的时候如果是Local Service,那么对应的 Service 是运行在主进程的 main 线程上的。如:onCreate,onStart 这些函数在被系统调用的时候都是在主进程的 main 线程上运行的。如果是Remote Service,那么对应的 Service 则是运行在独立进程的 main 线程上。
Activity通过IBinder与Service通信
当Activity通过调用bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn,int flags),我们可以得到一个Service的一个对象实例,然后我们就可以访问Service中的方法,我们还是通过一个例子来理解一下吧
MainService.java
public class MainService extends Service{
private String TAG = "MainService";
public ServiceBinder mBinder = new ServiceBinder(); /* 数据通信的桥梁 */
/* 重写Binder的onBind函数,返回派生类 */
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
return mBinder;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
Toast.makeText( MainService.this, "Service Create...", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
super.onCreate();
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
Toast.makeText(MainService.this, "Service StartCommand", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
Toast.makeText( MainService.this, "Service Destroy", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
/* 第一种模式通信:Binder */
public class ServiceBinder extends Binder {
public void startDownload() throws InterruptedException {
/* 模拟下载,休眠2秒 */
Toast.makeText( MainService.this, "模拟下载2秒钟,开始下载...", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Thread.sleep(2);
Toast.makeText( MainService.this, "下载结束...", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
MainActivity.java
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
/* 通过Binder,实现Activity与Service通信 */
private MainService.ServiceBinder mBinderService;
private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
}
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
mBinderService = (MainService.ServiceBinder) service;
try {
mBinderService.startDownload();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Intent bindIntent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MainService.class);
bindService(bindIntent, connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
}
Service通过BroadCast广播与Activity通信
MainService.java
public class MainService extends Service{
private String TAG = "MainService";
public ServiceBinder mBinder = new ServiceBinder(); /* 数据通信的桥梁 */
/* 重写Binder的onBind函数,返回派生类 */
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
return null;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
Toast.makeText( MainService.this, "Service Create, Send BroadCast...", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
SendServiceBroadCast();
super.onCreate();
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
Toast.makeText(MainService.this, "Service StartCommand", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
Toast.makeText( MainService.this, "Service Destroy", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
/* 第二种模式通信:Broadcast广播 */
public void SendServiceBroadCast() throws InterruptedException {
Log.d(TAG, "ServiceThread===>>startDownload() executed===>>线程ID:"+Thread.currentThread().getId());
Toast.makeText( MainService.this, "Send BroadCast now...", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("me.homeway.servicebinder.BroadcastTest");
intent.putExtra("value", 1000);
sendBroadcast(intent);
Toast.makeText( MainService.this, "Sent! Did you receive?", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
BroadcastTest.java
public class BroadcastTest extends BroadcastReceiver{
private NetworkInfo netInfo;
private ConnectivityManager mConnectivityManager;
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Bundle extras = intent.getExtras();
if (extras != null) {
if(extras.containsKey("value")){
/* 这里可以做下载,发包等事件 */
Toast.makeText( context, "收到广播 => "+extras.get("value"), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
System.out.println("Value is:"+extras.get("value"));
}
}
}
}
AndroidManifest.xml
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<receiver android:name=".BroadcastTest">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="me.homeway.servicebinder.BroadcastTest"></action>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
...
</application>