流的操作

（流）

• 流按照方向分，分为两种输入流和输出流，是以内存作为参照物。当从数据源中，将数据读取到内存中时，叫做输入流，也叫读取流将内存中的数据写入到数据源时，叫做输入流，也叫写入流
  
• 流按照传输的内容分，分为：字节流，字符流，对象流。无论是哪一种流，底层部分都是以字节流方式传输。所以，基本质都是字节流，但是为了方便程序员更好的操作字符数据和对象数据，所以，在字节流基础上做了一层包装，形成了字符流和对象。
  
• 字节流的父类是InputStream和OutStream，这两个类的字节流父类是Reader和Writer。
  
• 流操作的意思就是完成内存数据和磁盘数据的转化
• 流操作的步骤：1.建立流  2.操作流  3.关闭流
• 流的操作如图下，写入流：
  

         

            

public class InputText {

     public void readDate() {

          InputStream in = null;

          try {

              //建立文件读取字节流

              in = new FileInputStream("d:/王也.jpeg");

//            int date = 0;

//            //read()一次读取一个字节，返回读取的数据，当返回值为-1时，表示文件读取完毕

//            while ((date = in.read()) != -1) {

//                 System.out.println(date);

//            }  

              //将流中的数据读取到字节数据组中，类似于一个每次只能装30吨的车运送90吨的东西需要4次

              //优点效率高

              byte[] by=new byte[1024];

              int len=0;

              while((len=in.read(by))!=-1){

                   System.out.println(len);

              }

          } catch (Exception e) {

              // TODO Auto-generated catch block

              e.printStackTrace();

          } finally {

              try {

                   // 关闭流

                   in.close();

              } catch (IOException e) {

                   // TODO Auto-generated catch block

                   e.printStackTrace();

              }

          }

     }

    //写入流

    public void writeDate(String str){

          OutputStream out = null ;

          

           try {

               out = new FileOutputStream( "d:/1.txt"，true );

               //out.write(98)

               out .write( str .getBytes());

          } catch (Exception e ) {

               // TODO Auto-generated catch block

               e .printStackTrace();

          } finally {

               try {

                    out .close();

              } catch (IOException e ) {

                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

                    e .printStackTrace();

              }

          }

     }

    //拷贝

      public void copyFile(){

          InputStream in = null ;

          OutputStream ou = null ;

          

           try {

               in = new FileInputStream( "d:/王也.jpeg" );

               ou = new FileOutputStream( "e:/王也.jpeg" );

              

               byte [] by = new byte [1024];

               int len =0;

               while (( len = in .read( by ))!=-1){

                    ou .write( by ,0, len );

              }

          } catch (Exception e ) {

               // TODO Auto-generated catch block

               e .printStackTrace();

          } finally {

               try {

                    in .close();

                    ou .close();

              } catch (IOException e ) {

                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

                    e .printStackTrace();

              }

              

          }

          

     }

      public static void main(String[] args ) {

          InputText inputText = new InputText();

           inputText .readDate();

          InputText in=new InputText();

           in .writeDate( "sbsbsbsb" );

            in.copyFile();

     }

}

• 操作文件流时，如果文件不存在，那么读取流会抛出文件未找到的异常，而写入流，会创建新文件
  

    读取文件

package io;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException ;

import java.io.FileReader;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.Reader;

public class ReaderTest {

      public void readDate(){

          Reader r = null ;

          BufferedReader br = null ;

          

           try {

               //建立文件读取流

               r = new FileReader( "d:/博客.txt" );

               //套接流.在一个流的基础上，再套接一个流.也称高级流

               br = new BufferedReader( r );

              String str = null ;

               while (( str = br .readLine())!= null ){

                   System. out .println( str );

              }

          } catch (Exception e ) {

               // TODO Auto-generated catch block

               e .printStackTrace();

          } finally {

               try {

                    r .close();

                    br .close();

              } catch (IOException e ) {

                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

                    e .printStackTrace();

              }

              

          }

          

     }

      public static void main(String[] args ) {

          ReaderTest re = new ReaderTest();

           re .readDate();

     }

}