apring中@Primary和@Qualifier注解的区别

首先说明一下两个注解的作用

@Primary：在众多相同的bean中，优先选择用@Primary注解的bean（该注解加在各个bean上）

@Qualifier：在众多相同的bean中，@Qualifier指定需要注入的bean（该注解跟随在@Autowired后）

下面一个小例子：

1.ServiceTest接口

public interface ServiceTest {
    void doSomething();
}

2.两个实现类

@Service("service1")
public class Service1 implements ServiceTest{
 
    @Override
    public void doSomething() {
        System.out.println("this is service1");
    }
    
}
@Service("service2")
public class Service2 implements ServiceTest{
 
    @Override
    public void doSomething() {
        System.out.println("this is service2");
    }
 
}

3  测试一

@Autowired
private ServiceTest serviceTest;
         
@RequestMapping("showServiceTest")
public void showServiceTest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
    this.serviceTest.doSomething();
}

启动报错

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'analysisTest': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.grac.web.controller.analysis.ServiceTest com.grac.web.controller.analysis.AnalysisTest.serviceTest; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.grac.web.controller.analysis.ServiceTest] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: service1,service2

4  测试二
  

 @Autowired
    @Qualifier("service2")
    private ServiceTest serviceTest;
         
    @RequestMapping("showServiceTest")
    public void showServiceTest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        this.serviceTest.doSomething();
    }

控制台输出

this is service2

5  测试三
在service1上加入@Primary注解

@Service("service1")
@Primary
public class Service1 implements ServiceTest{
 
    @Override
    public void doSomething() {
        System.out.println("this is service1");
    }
    
}
    @Autowired
    private ServiceTest serviceTest;
         
    @RequestMapping("showServiceTest")
    public void showServiceTest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        this.serviceTest.doSomething();
    }

控制台输出

this is service1