XSL即可扩展的样式表文件。 可以格式化xml的显示,也可以将xml转换成需要的另一种格式。
学习XSL必须熟悉XPath。XSL和XPath一样简单强大,容易学习。
1. XSL既然可以格式化xml的显示样式,我们先来看如何在xml中引用xsl文件
如下代码示例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="url.xsl"?>
只需在xml文件的文档声明后面添加<?xml-stylesheet type=”text/xsl” href=”url.xsl”?>即可
2. XSL的格式
XSL也是一个标准的xml文件,它以xml文档声明开始,根元素必须是xsl:styleshee,同时根元素必须有version属性指定xsl的版本,和xmlns:xsl=” http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform”指定xsl命名空间,如下示例
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="encoding”?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
3. Xsl要点 如下示例xml
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
|
<?
xml
version
=
"1.0"
encoding
=
"utf-8"
?>
<?
xml-stylesheet
type
=
"text/xsl"
href
=
"pets-templates.xsl"
?>
<
pets
>
<
pig
color
=
"blue"
weight
=
"100"
>
<
price
>100</
price
>
<
desc
>this is a blue pig</
desc
>
</
pig
>
<
cat
color
=
"red"
weight
=
"9"
>
<
price
>80</
price
>
<
desc
>this is a red cat</
desc
>
</
cat
>
<
dog
color
=
"green"
weight
=
"15"
>
<
price
>80</
price
>
<
desc
>this is a green dog</
desc
>
</
dog
>
<
cat
color
=
"green"
weight
=
"15"
>
<
price
>80</
price
>
<
desc
>this is a green cat</
desc
>
</
cat
>
<
dog
color
=
"blue"
weight
=
"10"
>
<
price
>100</
price
>
<
desc
>this is a blue dog</
desc
>
</
dog
>
<
dog
color
=
"red"
weight
=
"9"
>
<
price
>80</
price
>
<
desc
>this is a red dog</
desc
>
</
dog
>
</
pets
>
|
上面的xml在通过xsl格式化之后的显示效果如下:
1) xsl:template定义匹配节点的转换模板,属性match=”xpath expression”用来定义模板匹配的元素
如下定义匹配根节点的模板
<xsl:template match=”/”>
</xsl:template>
2) xsl:for-each循环显示select=”xpath expression”选择节点的转换 (类似编程语言中的foreach语句),
如下示例,选择了pets下面的子元素,并循环显示子元素的几点名字:
<xsl:for-each select=”/pets/*”>
<xsl:value-of select=”name()”/>
</xsl:for-each>
3) xsl:if 元素条件显示节点(类似编程语言中的if语句)注意小于号大于号要分别用<和>替代
<xsl:if test=”@weight < 10”>
<i>its weight is less than 10 km</i>
</xsl:if>
4) xsl:choose 多分支条件显示 (类似编程语言中的switch语句)
<xsl:choose >
<xsl:when test=”name() = ‘pig’”>
<i>this is a pig</i>
</xsl:when>
<xsl:otherwise>
<i>this is not a pig</i>
</xsl:otherwise>
</xsl:choose>
5) xsl:value-of 显示选择节点或者属性的值
选择子节点price
<xsl:value-of select=”pets/*/price”/>
选择属性weight
<xsl:value-of select=”pets/*/@weight”/>
6) xsl:attribute 构造xml节点的属性
用来向节点添加属性,例如:
<font>
<xsl:attribute name=”color”><xsl:value-of select=”pets/*/@color”/></xsl:attribute>
</font>
将输出<font color=”red”></font>
7) xsl:apply-templates 应用模板
如果xml文件结构比较复杂,可以定义多个template,然后使用<xsl:apply-templates>标签应用模板,xsl:apply-templates 可以指定属性select=”xpath”来选择应用的模板,或者不指定select表示选择当前节点的模板。
请看下面示例xslt文件pets-templates.xsl
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
|
<?
xml
version
=
"1.0"
encoding
=
"utf-8"
?>
<
xsl:stylesheet
version
=
"1.0"
<
xsl:template
match
=
"/"
>
<
html
>
<
head
>
<
META
http-equiv
=
"Content-Type"
content
=
"text/html; charset=utf-8"
/>
<
title
>lovely pets</
title
>
<
style
type
=
"text/css"
>
ul{margin:10px 0 10px 0;padding:0;width:400px;text-align:left;}
li{height:60px;display:block;list-style:none;padding:4px;border:1px solid #f0f0f0;margin:5px;}
</
style
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
center
>
<
h1
>lovely pets</
h1
>
<
ul
>
<
xsl:for-each
select
=
"pets/*"
>
<
li
>
<
img
align
=
"right"
>
<
xsl:choose
>
<
xsl:when
test
=
"name() = 'dog'"
>
<
xsl:attribute
name
=
"src"
>http://estar-tv.com/images/comprofiler/gallery/dog.gif</
xsl:attribute
>
</
xsl:when
>
<
xsl:when
test
=
"name() = 'pig'"
>
<
xsl:attribute
name
=
"src"
>http://www.icosky.com/icon/thumbnails/Animal/Farm/Pig%20Icon.jpg</
xsl:attribute
>
</
xsl:when
>
<
xsl:otherwise
>
<
xsl:attribute
name
=
"src"
>http://farm1.static.flickr.com/14/buddyicons/22211409@N00.jpg?1143660418</
xsl:attribute
>
</
xsl:otherwise
>
</
xsl:choose
>
</
img
>
<
font
>
<
xsl:attribute
name
=
"face"
>Courier</
xsl:attribute
>
<
xsl:attribute
name
=
"color"
>
<
xsl:value-of
select
=
"@color"
/>
</
xsl:attribute
>
<
xsl:value-of
select
=
"name()"
/>
</
font
> said: "<
xsl:value-of
select
=
"desc"
/>"
weight:<
xsl:value-of
select
=
"@weight"
/>
<
xsl:if
test
=
"@weight < 10"
>
<
p
>
<
i
>its weight is less than 10 km</
i
>
</
p
>
</
xsl:if
>
</
li
>
</
xsl:for-each
>
</
ul
>
</
center
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
</
xsl:template
>
</
xsl:stylesheet
>
|
完整示例文件 pets-templates.xsl:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
|
<?
xml
version
=
"1.0"
encoding
=
"utf-8"
?>
<
xsl:stylesheet
version
=
"1.0"
<
xsl:template
match
=
"/"
>
<
html
>
<
head
>
<
META
http-equiv
=
"Content-Type"
content
=
"text/html; charset=utf-8"
/>
<
title
>lovely pets</
title
>
<
style
type
=
"text/css"
>
ul{margin:10px 0 10px 0;padding:0;width:400px;text-align:left;}
li{height:60px;display:block;list-style:none;padding:4px;border:1px solid #f0f0f0;margin:5px;}
</
style
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
center
>
<
h1
>lovely pets</
h1
>
<
ul
>
<
xsl:apply-templates
select
=
"pets"
/>
</
ul
>
</
center
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
</
xsl:template
>
<
xsl:template
match
=
"pets"
>
<
xsl:apply-templates
select
=
"dog"
></
xsl:apply-templates
>
<
xsl:apply-templates
select
=
"pig"
></
xsl:apply-templates
>
<
xsl:apply-templates
select
=
"cat"
></
xsl:apply-templates
>
</
xsl:template
>
<
xsl:template
match
=
"dog"
>
<
xsl:for-each
select
=
"."
>
<
li
>
<
img
align
=
"right"
>
<
xsl:attribute
name
=
"src"
>http://estar-tv.com/images/comprofiler/gallery/dog.gif</
xsl:attribute
>
</
img
>
<
font
>
<
xsl:attribute
name
=
"face"
>Courier</
xsl:attribute
>
<
xsl:attribute
name
=
"color"
>
<
xsl:value-of
select
=
"@color"
/>
</
xsl:attribute
>
dog
</
font
> said: "<
xsl:value-of
select
=
"desc"
/>"
weight:<
xsl:value-of
select
=
"@weight"
/>
<
xsl:if
test
=
"@weight < 10"
>
<
p
>
<
i
>its weight is less than 10 km</
i
>
</
p
>
</
xsl:if
>
</
li
>
</
xsl:for-each
>
</
xsl:template
>
<
xsl:template
match
=
"pig"
>
<
xsl:for-each
select
=
"."
>
<
li
>
<
img
align
=
"right"
>
<
xsl:attribute
name
=
"src"
>http://www.icosky.com/icon/thumbnails/Animal/Farm/Pig%20Icon.jpg</
xsl:attribute
>
</
img
>
<
font
>
<
xsl:attribute
name
=
"face"
>Courier</
xsl:attribute
>
<
xsl:attribute
name
=
"color"
>
<
xsl:value-of
select
=
"@color"
/>
</
xsl:attribute
>
pig
</
font
> said: "<
xsl:value-of
select
=
"desc"
/>"
weight:<
xsl:value-of
select
=
"@weight"
/>
<
xsl:if
test
=
"@weight < 10"
>
<
p
>
<
i
>its weight is less than 10 km</
i
>
</
p
>
</
xsl:if
>
</
li
>
</
xsl:for-each
>
</
xsl:template
>
<
xsl:template
match
=
"cat"
>
<
xsl:for-each
select
=
"."
>
<
li
>
<
img
align
=
"right"
>
<
xsl:attribute
name
=
"src"
>http://farm1.static.flickr.com/14/buddyicons/22211409@N00.jpg?1143660418</
xsl:attribute
>
</
img
>
<
font
>
<
xsl:attribute
name
=
"face"
>Courier</
xsl:attribute
>
<
xsl:attribute
name
=
"color"
>
<
xsl:value-of
select
=
"@color"
/>
</
xsl:attribute
>
cat
</
font
> said: "<
xsl:value-of
select
=
"desc"
/>"
weight:<
xsl:value-of
select
=
"@weight"
/>
<
xsl:if
test
=
"@weight < 10"
>
<
p
>
<
i
>its weight is less than 10 km</
i
>
</
p
>
</
xsl:if
>
</
li
>
</
xsl:for-each
>
</
xsl:template
>
</
xsl:stylesheet
>
|
在c#.net中使用XslCompiledTransform转换xml文档,XslTransform也可以使用,但是这个类已经被微软标记为过时,最好不要再用了,如下代码示例:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
|
using
System;
using
System.Collections.Generic;
using
System.Linq;
using
System.Text;
using
System.IO;
using
System.Xml;
namespace
UseXslt
{
class
Program
{
static
void
Main(
string
[] args)
{
//声明XslTransform类实例
System.Xml.Xsl.XslCompiledTransform trans =
new
System.Xml.Xsl.XslCompiledTransform();
string
xsltFile =
@"X:\about.net\System.Xml\example\pets.xsl"
;
using
(StreamReader rdr =
new
StreamReader(xsltFile))
{
using
(XmlReader xmlRdr = XmlReader.Create(rdr))
{
//载入xsl文件
trans.Load(xmlRdr);
}
}
string
inputFile =
@"X:\about.net\System.Xml\example\pets.xml"
;
string
outputFile =
@"X:\about.net\System.Xml\example\pets-out.htm"
;
//转化源文件输出到输出文件outputFile
trans.Transform(inputFile, outputFile);
}
}
}
|
有一点需要注意,使用XslCompiledTransform转换出来的文件,是一个html格式的,这个类会自动在html的head标签中添加一个未关闭的meta标签 <META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">;微软帮我们想的太多了。
Xslt还可以指定参数,定义变量,有关这些方面请查看相关文档。