Windows Via C/C++：内核模式下的线程同步——WaitForSingleObject/WaitForMultipleObjects函数

Wait函数族会使当前线程进入等待状态，直到指定的内核对象状态变为signaled或等待超时时才被重新调度。如果在调用WaitXXX时指定的内核对象状态已是signaled，则WaitXXX马上返回。迄今为止，最常用的Wait函数便是WaitForSingleObject：

DWORD WaitForSingleObject(
  HANDLE hObject,
  DWORD dwMilliseconds);

首参数hObject指定了当前线程要等待的内核对象，参数dwMilliseconds指定了当前线程等待hObject变成signaled状态的最长等待时间，取INFINITE时表示无时间限制。下面是使用WaitForSingleObject的例子：

DWORD dw = WaitForSingleObject(hProcess, 5000);
switch(dw){
  case WAIT_OBJECT_0:
  // the process hProcess terminated and becomes signaled
  break;
  case WAIT_TIMEOUT:
  // the process did not terminate within 5000 milliseconds
  break;
  caes WAIT_FAILED:
  // bad call to function (invalid handle?)
  break;  
}

WaitForSingleObject的返回值表明了当前线程重新被调度的原因。WAIT_OBJECT_0表示等待的内核对象状态已变为signaled，WAIT_TIMEOUT表示等待超时，假如传递给WaitForSingleObject的参数有误时，函数返回WAIT_FAILED。

线程可以调用函数WaitForMultipleObjects同时等待多个内核对象的状态变为signaled：

DWORD WaitForMultipleObjects(
  DWORD dwCount,
  CONST HANDLE* phObjects,
  BOOL bWaitAll,
  DWORD dwMilliseconds);

参数dwCount表示要等待的内核对象的数目，该值必须位于1和MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS（在WinNT.h中定义为64）之间。phObjects指向要等待对象的句柄数组，其元素个数为dwCount。参数bWaitAll为TRUE时，函数将等待phObjects中所有的对象状态变为signaled或超时后返回，取FALSE时，函数将在phObjects中任一对象状态变为signaled或超时后返回。dwMilliseconds设置函数等待的超时时间。

WaitForMultipleObjects可能的返回值如下所示：

• 参数有误时返回WAIT_FAILED
• 待待超时时返回WAIT_TIMEOUT
• 当参数bWaitAll为TRUE，且phObjects中的所有对象状态在dwMilliseconds时间内变为signaled时，函数返回WAIT_OBJECT_0
• 当参数bWaitAll为FALSE，且phObjects中某一对象的状态在dwMilliseconds时间内变成signaled时，函数返回，且返回值减去WAIT_OBJECT_0之后，便得到变为signaled的对象在phObjects中的索引。

下面我们举例说明WaitForMultipleObjects的用法：

HANDLE h[3];
h[0] = hProcess1;
h[1] = hProcess2;
h[2] = hProcess3;
DWORD dw = WaitForMultipleObjects(3, h, FALSE, 5000);
switch(dw){
  case WAIT_FAILED:
    // Bad call to function (invalid handle?)
    break;
  case WAIT_TIMEOUT:
    // None of the objects became signaled within 5000 milliseconds
    break;
  case WAIT_OBJECT_0:
    // The process identified by h[0] (hProcess 1) terminated
    break;
  case WAIT_OBJECT_0+1:
    // The process identified by h[1] (hProcess 2) terminated
    break;
  case WAIT_OBJECT_0+2:
    // The process identified by h[2] (hProcess 3) terminated
    break;   
}