LVM

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-18 14:27:29 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-18 14:27:29 发布

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linux磁盘到文件系统大体结构：磁盘-->(LVM RAID等) --> 文件系统

LVM

Logical Volume Manage(逻辑卷管理)

是linux环境下对底层磁盘的一种管理机制（方式），处在物理磁盘和文件系统之间

Physical Volume(物理卷)

Volume Group(卷组)

Logical Volume(逻辑卷)

最小存储单位为： PE

总结:

名称最小存储单位

硬盘扇区（512字节）

文件系统 block（1K 或 4K）

RAID chunk（512K） mdadm -c

LVM pe (16M 自己定义)

步骤

添加一块硬盘

准备分区

[root@localhost ~]#fdisk /dev/sdc

[root@localhost ~]# ls /dev/sdc*
/dev/sdc /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdc3

制作PV

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qf `which pvcreate`
lvm2-2.02.130-5.el7.x86_64

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc{1,2}
Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created
Physical volume "/dev/sdc2" successfully created

制作VG

[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate Vg1 /dev/sdc{1,2}
Volume group "Vg1" successfully created

制作LV

[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -n LV1 -L 150M Vg1 #-n 名字 #-L 大小
Rounding up size to full physical extent 152.00 MiB
Logical volume "LV1" created.

LV层次结构图:

各种查看:

#pvs #pvscan #pvdisplay

#vgs #vgscan #vgdisplay

#lvs #lvscan #lvdisplay

[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name               /dev/sdc1
VG Name               Vg1
PV Size               100.00 MiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
Allocatable           yes (but full)
PE Size               4.00 MiB
Total PE              24
Free PE               0
Allocated PE          24
PV UUID               33mepD-QNke-yXE5-Fomb-hnCe-GLE7-4DU4bU

--- Physical volume ---
PV Name               /dev/sdc2
VG Name               Vg1
PV Size               100.00 MiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
Allocatable           yes
PE Size               4.00 MiB
Total PE              24
Free PE               10
Allocated PE          14
PV UUID               tlwhsJ-33nM-77Wf-4p42-YWua-6ven-A2gom0

创建时指定PE大小

[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate-s 16M Vg1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2 #-s指定PE的大小

使用:
格式化

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/Vg1/LV1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
38912 inodes, 155648 blocks
7782 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=33816576
19 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
   8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

挂载

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/Vg1/LV1 /opt/
[root@localhost ~]# mount

...../dev/mapper/Vg1-LV1 on /opt type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)

[root@localhost ~]# ll /dev/Vg1/LV1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Dec 2 15:42 /dev/Vg1/LV1 -> ../dm-0
[root@localhost ~]# ll /dev/mapper/Vg1-LV1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Dec 2 15:42 /dev/mapper/Vg1-LV1 -> ../dm-0

LV扩展:

LVM支持动态扩容

[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG   #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree
Vg1    2   1   0 wz--n- 192.00m 40.00m
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV   VG   Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
LV1 Vg1 -wi-ao---- 152.00m

[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +30M /dev/Vg1/LV1
Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 32.00 MiB
Size of logical volume Vg1/LV1 changed from 152.00 MiB (38 extents) to 184.00 MiB (46 extents).
Logical volume LV1 successfully resized.

[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
LV1 Vg1 -wi-ao---- 184.00m

[root@localhost ~]# df -lh
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/Vg1-LV1 144M 1.6M 132M 2% /opt

#说明只从磁盘扩展到lv 还未到文件系统中去

[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/Vg1/LV1
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/Vg1/LV1 is mounted on /opt; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 2
The filesystem on /dev/Vg1/LV1 is now 188416 blocks long.

[root@localhost ~]# df -lh            #扩展成功
Filesystem           Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/Vg1-LV1 175M 1.6M 161M   1% /opt

VG扩展:

[root@localhost ~]# vgextend Vg1 /dev/sdc3
Physical volume "/dev/sdc3" successfully created
Volume group "Vg1" successfully extended
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV         VG   Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdc1 Vg1 lvm2 a-- 96.00m     0
/dev/sdc2 Vg1 lvm2 a-- 96.00m 8.00m
/dev/sdc3 Vg1 lvm2 a-- 96.00m 96.00m   #扩展成功

VG缩小:
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV         VG   Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdc1 Vg1 lvm2 a-- 96.00m     0
/dev/sdc2 Vg1 lvm2 a-- 96.00m 8.00m
/dev/sdc3 Vg1 lvm2 a-- 96.00m 96.00m
[root@localhost ~]# vgreduce Vg1 /dev/sdc3
Removed "/dev/sdc3" from volume group "Vg1"
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV         VG   Fmt Attr PSize   PFree
/dev/sdc1 Vg1 lvm2 a--   96.00m      0
/dev/sdc2 Vg1 lvm2 a--   96.00m   8.00m
/dev/sdc3       lvm2 --- 100.00m 100.00m
[root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sdc3
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdc3" successfully wiped

LV移除:

[root@localhost ~]# umount /opt/
[root@localhost ~]# lvremove /dev/Vg1/LV1
Do you really want to remove active logical volume LV1? [y/n]: y
Logical volume "LV1" successfully removed

VG移除:

[root@localhost ~]# vgremove Vg1
Volume group "Vg1" successfully removed

PV移除:

[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV         VG   Fmt Attr PSize   PFree
/dev/sdc1       lvm2 --- 100.00m 100.00m
/dev/sdc2       lvm2 --- 100.00m 100.00m
[root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sdc1
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully wiped
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV         VG   Fmt Attr PSize   PFree
/dev/sdc2       lvm2 --- 100.00m 100.00m
[root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sdc2
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdc2" successfully wiped
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
[root@localhost ~]#

LVM快照

lvm 快照有两大用途，一是用来克隆虚拟机例如做 xen虚拟机时，可先新建一台完整虚拟机，假设大小为10G 然后我们可以在这台10G虚拟机上

创建一个3G的快照接着通过这个3G快照启动虚拟机，做完实验后可以直接删除快照而保持完整虚拟机的纯净

lvm快照的第二大用途是实时备份（momet-in-time），即为了保持系统的一致性，我们先做一个快照冻结当前系统状态，这样快照里面的内容可

暂时保持不变，系统本身继续运行，通过备份快照来实现不中断服务的备份

原来有一个lv的基础上

#lvcreate -s -n lv_NAME_bak -L 200M /dev/Vg1/LV1

#创建一个名字为lv_NAME_bak 大小为200M的快照

#-s snapshot -n name

[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -s -n lvl_sp -L 30M /dev/Vg1/LV1
Rounding up size to full physical extent 32.00 MiB
Logical volume "lvl_sp" created.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV     VG   Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
LV1    Vg1 owi-a-s--- 152.00m
lvl_sp Vg1 swi-a-s--- 32.00m      LV1    0.00
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/Vg1/lvl_sp1 /tmp/lv1-back/

[root@localhost ~]# cp /etc/passwd /opt/
[root@localhost ~]# ls /opt/ #LV1挂在点
lost+found/ passwd
[root@localhost ~]# ls /tmp/lv1-back/ #lvl_sp1挂在点
lost+found passwd