Ubuntu 搭建强大的 IDE —— Vim + Vundle + 插件

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本文链接： https://blog.csdn.net/luckydarcy/article/details/76732965

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                                        <p>　　本文描述如何在 Ubuntu 环境中利用插件管理工具 Vundle 搭建一个 Vim 开发环境，从而提高在 Linux 下使用 Vim 进行编程的效率。</p>

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安装 Vim

　　在 Ubuntu 上安装 Vim 很简单，在终端敲入如下命令即可：

$ sudo apt-get install vim
 
 

 
 
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　　在 Ubuntu 14.04 以上版本执行上述命令安装的 Vim 是 7.4+ 版本，但如果你和我一样使用 Ubuntu 12.04 的话，就没有那么幸运的。因为在 Ubuntu 12.04 上用 apt-get 安装的 Vim 是 7.3 版本的，这个版本相对来说还是太旧了，一些插件并不支持，比如 YouCompleteMe。所以我们需要将其升级到 7.4 以上的版本，看到有网友说添加 PPA 源之后可以升级，如下：

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fcwu-tw/ppa  
$ sudo apt-get update  
$ sudo apt-get install vim  

 
 

 
 
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　　但我试过不行，所以我还是下载 Vim 的源代码进行安装了。我这里直接安装最新的 8.0 版本了，相关的源代码可以在如下网址找到：

• github仓库：https://github.com/vim/vim
• vim官网：http://www.vim.org/

下载、编译、安装命令如下：

$ git clone https://github.com/vim/vim.git
$ cd vim/src
$ ./configure --enable-pythoninterp=yes
$ make
$ sudo make installvim
 
 

 
 
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　　敲入 vim 命令可以看到如下画面：

　　需要注意的是，这里的 ./configure --enable-pythoninterp=yes 配置是必要的，表示开启 Vim 的 Python2 支持。如果想开启 Python3 支持，则参数应为 --enable-python3interp=yes。
　　Vim 的默认安装路径是 /usr/local/bin/vim，原来的 Vim 是 /usr/bin/vim，所以 Vim 8.0 和 Vim 7.3 是可以共用的。那为什么输入 vim 执行的是 8.0 版本的而不是 7.3 版本的呢？看看环境变量 PATH 就知道了，因为 /usr/local/bin 的路径在前面嘛！
　　

$ echo $PATH
/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
 
 

 
 
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　　所以现在的 vim 执行的是 8.0 版本，而 vi 执行的是 7.3 版本。
　　另外，我们可以通过如下命令来检查 vim 是否已经支持 Python。没有执行./configure --enable-pythoninterp=yes 编译的话是这样的：

$ vim --version | grep python
+cryptv          +linebreak       +python          +viminfo
+cscope          +lispindent      -python3         +vreplace
 
 

 
 
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　　而执行./configure --enable-pythoninterp=yes 之后编译的话是这样的：
　　

$ vim --version | grep python
+cryptv          +linebreak       +python          +viminfo
+cscope          +lispindent      -python3         +vreplace
Linking: gcc   -L/usr/local/lib -Wl,--as-needed -o vim   -lgtk-x11-2.0 -lgdk-x11-2.0 -latk-1.0 -lgio-2.0 -lpangoft2-1.0 -lpangocairo-1.0 -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -lcairo -lpango-1.0 -lfreetype -lfontconfig -lgobject-2.0 -lglib-2.0   -lSM -lICE -lXt -lX11 -lXdmcp -lSM -lICE  -lm -ltinfo -lnsl   -ldl    -L/usr/lib/python2.7/config -lpython2.7 -lpthread -ldl -lutil -lm -Xlinker -export-dynamic -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions
 
 

 
 
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安装 Vundle

　　由于 vim 缺乏默认的插件管理器，所有插件的文件都散布在 ~/.vim 下的几个文件夹中，这样导致各种插件的安装、更新、删除都需要自己手动处理，既麻烦费事，又可能出现错误。所以我们需要插件管理器的帮忙，常见的插件管理器有 vundle、pathogen 等等，我们这里使用 vundle。
　　Vundle 托管在 Github 上，所以使用 git 下载 vundle ，并将其存放于 ~/.vim/bundle/vundle 即可。使用如下命令直接将源代码检出到该目录：
　　

$ git clone https://github.com/gmarik/vundle.git ~/.vim/bundle/vundle
 
 

 
 
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　　下载完了 vundle 后，还需要配置 .vimrc 文件。
　　为了不让 .vimrc 看起来太臃肿，我是新建了一个 ~/.vimrc.bundles 文件来保存所有插件的配置。先在 ~/.vimrc.bundles 文件中包含如下内容：

filetype off
  set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/vundle/
call vundle#rc()
 
 

 
 
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　　然后在 ~/.vimrc 文件中加入内容：

if filereadable(expand("~/.vimrc.bundles"))
  source ~/.vimrc.bundles
endif
 
 

 
 
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　　这样 vundle 就准备就绪了。

安装插件

　　我们需要知道，Bundle 分为三类：

1. 在 Github vim-scripts 用户下的 repos，只需要写出 repos 名称
2. 在 Github 其他用户下的 repos，需要写出“用户名/repos名”
3. 不在 Github 上的插件，需要写出 git 全路径

　　比较常用就是第二种，也就是以“用户名/repos名”的方式。我们这里将插件的配置信息放在 ~/.vimrc.bundles，如下：

" Define bundles via Github repos "
Bundle 'christoomey/vim-run-interactive'
Bundle 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe'
Bundle 'croaky/vim-colors-github'
Bundle 'danro/rename.vim'
Bundle 'majutsushi/tagbar'
Bundle 'kchmck/vim-coffee-script'
Bundle 'kien/ctrlp.vim'
Bundle 'pbrisbin/vim-mkdir'
Bundle 'scrooloose/syntastic'
Bundle 'slim-template/vim-slim'
Bundle 'thoughtbot/vim-rspec'
Bundle 'tpope/vim-bundler'
Bundle 'tpope/vim-endwise'
Bundle 'tpope/vim-fugitive'
Bundle 'tpope/vim-rails'
Bundle 'tpope/vim-surround'
Bundle 'vim-ruby/vim-ruby'
Bundle 'vim-scripts/ctags.vim'
Bundle 'vim-scripts/matchit.zip'
Bundle 'vim-scripts/tComment'
Bundle 'mattn/emmet-vim'
Bundle 'scrooloose/nerdtree'
Bundle 'Lokaltog/vim-powerline'
Bundle 'godlygeek/tabular'
Bundle 'msanders/snipmate.vim'
Bundle 'jelera/vim-javascript-syntax'
Bundle 'altercation/vim-colors-solarized'
Bundle 'othree/html5.vim'
Bundle 'xsbeats/vim-blade'
Bundle 'Raimondi/delimitMate'
Bundle 'groenewege/vim-less'
Bundle 'evanmiller/nginx-vim-syntax'
Bundle 'Lokaltog/vim-easymotion'
Bundle 'tomasr/molokai'
Bundle 'klen/python-mode'
 
 

 
 
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　　接着，打开 vim，输入 :BundleInstall 或者直接在终端输入 vim +BundleInstall +qall 安装插件。

　　有些插件比较大，需要等待一段时间才能下载、安装完毕。

vim 帮助文档

　　vimtutor 是一个不错的入门文档，在终端直接输入 vimtutor 即可打开，这个文档在网上可以找到中文版。

　　另外，在 vim 中输入 :help 也可以查看帮助文档，如果实在看不惯英文，也可以切换成中文的。
　　首先执行如下命令下载 vimcdoc-1.8.0.tar.gz：

$ wget  http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/vimcdoc/vimcdoc-1.8.0.tar.gz
 
 

 
 
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　　然后解压 vimcdoc-1.8.0.tar.gz，进入 vimcdoc-1.8.0 目录可以找到 doc 目录，将 doc 中的全部文件复制到 ~/.vim/doc/ 目录。
　　重新进入 vim，输入 :help 可以看到帮助文档变成中文了。
　　
　　如果无法显示中文，在 ~/.vimrc 中添加：

set helplang=cn
set encoding=utf-8

 
 

 
 
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出错提示

　　如果在安装完插件后启动 vim 出现如下提示，则说明你的 vim 需要升级。

YouCompleteMe unavailable: requires Vim 7.4.1578+.
 
 

 
 
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　　如果在安装完插件后启动 vim 出现如下提示，则说明你的 vim 需要重新编译以支持 Python。
　　

YouCompleteMe unavailable: requires Vim compiled with Python (2.6+ or 3.3+) support
 
 

 
 
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本文链接： https://blog.csdn.net/luckydarcy/article/details/76737522

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                                        <p>在上一节（<a href="http://blog.csdn.net/lu_embedded/article/details/76732965" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://blog.csdn.net/lu_embedded/article/details/76732965</a>）我们已经通过 Vundle 下载、安装了一些插件，这些插件有一些可以直接用、有一些需要配置、有一些则需要编译，下面我们一一来看一下常用的一些插件应该怎样用起来吧。</p>

---

　　首先要讲的是 YouCompleteMe，它应该是最难安装的一个插件了。vundle 已经帮我们做了一部分工作，但还不能使它正常工作起来，对于 C/C++ 用户来说，我们还需要编译 ycm_core.so 和 libclang.so。编译方法如下：

$ cd ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe

$ ./install.sh --clang-completer
WARNING: this script is deprecated. Use the install.py script instead.
ERROR: please install CMake and retry.

$ ./install.py --clang-completer
ERROR: please install CMake and retry.
 
 

 
 
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　　YouCompleteMe 目录下有两个安装脚本，install.sh 和 install.py，显然根据执行情况来看，install.sh 已经失效了，最后执行的是 install.py。但是，需要 CMake 的支持！
　　于是我们 apt-get 一下吧：

$ sudo apt-get install cmake
 
 

 
 
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　　很可惜，对于 Ubuntu 12.04 的用户来说，这种方法并不行。因为 install.py 要求的 CMake 需要 2.8.11 以上版本。所以我们还是手动安装一下吧：

$ wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.12.1-Linux-i386.tar.gz
$ tar zxvf cmake-2.8.12.1-Linux-i386.tar.gz
$ cd cmake-2.8.12.1-Linux-i386
$ sudo cp bin/* /usr/bin/
$ sudo cp -r share/cmake-2.8 /usr/share/
 
 

 
 
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　　好了，现在可以继续执行 ./install.py --clang-completer ，可惜还不成功，提示如下：

$ ./install.py --clang-completer
Searching Python 2.7 libraries...
Found Python library: /usr/lib/python2.7/config/libpython2.7.so
Found Python headers folder: /usr/include/python2.7
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.6.3
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.6.3
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:217 (message):
  Your C++ compiler does NOT fully support C++11.
  ......
 
 

 
 
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　　显然，这次是由于 C++ 编译器不完全支持 C++ 11 造成的，因为 g++ 4.8 以上版本才完全支持 C++11 啊！而 Ubuntu 12.04 中用 apt-get 安装的是 4.6 版本的，所以还是手动升级一下 gcc 和 g++ 吧。具体方法参考：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-03/97445.htm。
　　哎呀！我真是命苦，还以为万事大吉了，结果还是出错了：

......
g++: internal compiler error: Killed (program cc1plus)
Please submit a full bug report,
 
 

 
 
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　　经检查发现是因为我的虚拟机内存不足呀，编译 Linux 都没问题，没想到编译这个会出问题。。。好吧，面对这个情况，我们可以加大虚拟机的内存分配，或者临时使用交换分区来解决！
　　再次执行 ./install.py --clang-completer，这次终于顺利编译通过了！忘了截图。。。不过没关系，我们在 third_party/ycmd/ 目录看到 libclang.so 和 ycm_core.so 就可以了。

$ cd ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/
$ ls *.so*
libclang.so.4    libclang.so.4.0    ycm_core.so
 
 

 
 
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　　还差一步，运行 vim 的时候我们发现缺少 .ycm_extra_conf.py 文件。那就拷贝一份吧：

$ cd ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/
$ cp ./third_party/ycmd/examples/.ycm_extra_conf.py ~/.vim/
 
 

 
 
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　　然后在 ~/.vimrc 中添加如下配置：

let g:ycm_server_python_interpreter='/usr/bin/python'
let g:ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf='~/.vim/.ycm_extra_conf.py'
 
 

 
 
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　　好了，打开 vim 试一下呗！

---

　　搞定 YouCompleteMe 就完成了一大步了，其他插件的用法都比较简单，我在这里就大概列一下插件及其作用吧。（注意：有些插件存在包含与被包含的关系，有些插件功能相似，因此选择其中的一些使用即可。）
　　

• YouCompleteMe —— 代码补全
• Syntastic —— 语法检查
• SuperTab —— 使 Tab 快捷键具有更快捷的上下文提示功能
• Ctags —— 实现变量名、函数名的跳转（需遍历源代码文件生成 tags 文件）
• Cscope —— 升级版 Ctags
• TagList —— 显示当前文件中的宏、全局变量、函数等 tag（类似于 SourceInsight 的功能）
• Tagbar —— TagList 的替代品（更适合于 C++）
• AutoPairs —— 自动插入和格式化括号
• Powerline —— 状态栏
• Vim-airline —— Powerline 的替代品
• Echofunc —— 自动显示函数声明
• Snipmate —— 自动插入代码（代码重用工具）
• NERDTree —— 文件浏览器（树形目录）
• Ctrlp —— 文件浏览器（重新定义打开目录和文件的方式，更适用于大规模项目文件的浏览）
• MiniBufferExplorer —— 缓冲区文件管理器
• NERDCommenter —— 快速注释
• Undotree —— 支持 undo 和 redo
• Gdbmgr —— 调试器

• Molokai —— 颜色主题