获得当前日期+时间(date + time)函数:now()
mysql> select now();
+---------------------+
| now() |
+---------------------+
| 2008-08-08 22:20:46 |
+---------------------+
获得当前日期+时间(date + time)函数:sysdate()
sysdate() 日期时间函数跟 now() 类似,不同之处在于:now() 在执行开始时值就得到了, sysdate() 在函数执行时动态得到值。看下面的例子就明白了:
mysql> select now(), sleep(3), now();
+---------------------+----------+---------------------+
| now() | sleep(3) | now() |
+---------------------+----------+---------------------+
| 2008-08-08 22:28:21 | 0 | 2008-08-08 22:28:21 |
+---------------------+----------+---------------------+
sysdate() 日期时间函数,一般情况下很少用到。
MySQL 获得当前时间戳函数:current_timestamp, current_timestamp()
mysql> select current_timestamp, current_timestamp();
+---------------------+---------------------+
| current_timestamp | current_timestamp() |
+---------------------+---------------------+
| 2008-08-09 23:22:24 | 2008-08-09 23:22:24 |
+---------------------+---------------------+
MySQL 日期转换函数、时间转换函数
MySQL Date/Time to Str(日期/时间转换为字符串)函数:date_format(date,format), time_format(time,format)
mysql> select date_format('2008-08-08 22:23:01', '%Y%m%d%H%i%s');
+----------------------------------------------------+
| date_format('2008-08-08 22:23:01', '%Y%m%d%H%i%s') |
+----------------------------------------------------+
| 20080808222301 |
+----------------------------------------------------+
MySQL 日期、时间转换函数:date_format(date,format), time_format(time,format) 能够把一个日期/时间转换成各种各样的字符串格式。它是 str_to_date(str,format) 函数的 一个逆转换。
MySQL Str to Date (字符串转换为日期)函数:str_to_date(str, format)
select str_to_date('08/09/2008', '%m/%d/%Y'); -- 2008-08-09
select str_to_date('08/09/08' , '%m/%d/%y'); -- 2008-08-09
select str_to_date('08.09.2008', '%m.%d.%Y'); -- 2008-08-09
select str_to_date('08:09:30', '%h:%i:%s'); -- 08:09:30
select str_to_date('08.09.2008 08:09:30', '%m.%d.%Y %h:%i:%s'); -- 2008-08-09 08:09:30
可以看到,str_to_date(str,format) 转换函数,可以把一些杂乱无章的字符串转换为日期格式。另外,它也可以转换为时间。“format” 可以参看 MySQL 手册。
MySQL (日期、天数)转换函数:to_days(date), from_days(days)
select to_days('0000-00-00'); -- 0
select to_days('2008-08-08'); -- 733627
MySQL (时间、秒)转换函数:time_to_sec(time), sec_to_time(seconds)
select time_to_sec('01:00:05'); -- 3605
select sec_to_time(3605); -- '01:00:05'
MySQL 拼凑日期、时间函数:makdedate(year,dayofyear), maketime(hour,minute,second)
select makedate(2001,31); -- '2001-01-31'
select makedate(2001,32); -- '2001-02-01'
select maketime(12,15,30); -- '12:15:30'
MySQL (Unix 时间戳、日期)转换函数
unix_timestamp(),
unix_timestamp(date),
from_unixtime(unix_timestamp),
from_unixtime(unix_timestamp,format)
下面是示例:
select unix_timestamp(); -- 1218290027
select unix_timestamp('2008-08-08'); -- 1218124800
select unix_timestamp('2008-08-08 12:30:00'); -- 1218169800
select from_unixtime(1218290027); -- '2008-08-09 21:53:47'
select from_unixtime(1218124800); -- '2008-08-08 00:00:00'
select from_unixtime(1218169800); -- '2008-08-08 12:30:00'
select from_unixtime(1218169800, '%Y %D %M %h:%i:%s %x'); -- '2008 8th August 12:30:00 2008'
MySQL 日期时间计算函数
MySQL 为日期增加一个时间间隔:date_add()
set @dt = now();
select date_add(@dt, interval 1 day); -- add 1 day
select date_add(@dt, interval 1 hour); -- add 1 hour
select date_add(@dt, interval 1 minute); -- ...
select date_add(@dt, interval 1 second);
select date_add(@dt, interval 1 microsecond);
select date_add(@dt, interval 1 week);
select date_add(@dt, interval 1 month);
select date_add(@dt, interval 1 quarter);
select date_add(@dt, interval 1 year);
select date_add(@dt, interval -1 day); -- sub 1 day
MySQL adddate(), addtime()函数,可以用 date_add() 来替代。下面是 date_add() 实现 addtime() 功能示例:
mysql> set @dt = '2008-08-09 12:12:33';
mysql>
mysql> select date_add(@dt, interval '01:15:30' hour_second);
+------------------------------------------------+
| date_add(@dt, interval '01:15:30' hour_second) |
+------------------------------------------------+
| 2008-08-09 13:28:03 |
+------------------------------------------------+
mysql> select date_add(@dt, interval '1 01:15:30' day_second);
+-------------------------------------------------+
| date_add(@dt, interval '1 01:15:30' day_second) |
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 2008-08-10 13:28:03 |
+-------------------------------------------------+
MySQL 为日期减去一个时间间隔:date_sub()
mysql> select date_sub('1998-01-01 00:00:00', interval '1 1:1:1' day_second);
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| date_sub('1998-01-01 00:00:00', interval '1 1:1:1' day_second) |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1997-12-30 22:58:59 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
MySQL date_sub() 日期时间函数 和 date_add() 用法一致,不再赘述。
MySQL 日期、时间相减函数:datediff(date1,date2), timediff(time1,time2)
MySQL datediff(date1,date2):两个日期相减 date1 - date2,返回天数。
select datediff('2008-08-08', '2008-08-01'); -- 7
select datediff('2008-08-01', '2008-08-08'); -- -7
MySQL timediff(time1,time2):两个日期相减 time1 - time2,返回 time 差值。
select timediff('2008-08-08 08:08:08', '2008-08-08 00:00:00'); -- 08:08:08
select timediff('08:08:08', '00:00:00'); -- 08:08:08
注意:timediff(time1,time2) 函数的两个参数类型必须相同。
MySQL 时间戳(timestamp)转换、增、减函数:
timestamp(date) -- date to timestamp
timestamp(dt,time) -- dt + time
timestampadd(unit,interval,datetime_expr) --
timestampdiff(unit,datetime_expr1,datetime_expr2) --
请看示例部分:
select timestamp('2008-08-08'); -- 2008-08-08 00:00:00
select timestamp('2008-08-08 08:00:00', '01:01:01'); -- 2008-08-08 09:01:01
select timestamp('2008-08-08 08:00:00', '10 01:01:01'); -- 2008-08-18 09:01:01
select timestampadd(day, 1, '2008-08-08 08:00:00'); -- 2008-08-09 08:00:00
select date_add('2008-08-08 08:00:00', interval 1 day); -- 2008-08-09 08:00:00
MySQL timestampadd() 函数类似于 date_add()。
select timestampdiff(year,'2002-05-01','2001-01-01'); -- -1
select timestampdiff(day ,'2002-05-01','2001-01-01'); -- -485
select timestampdiff(hour,'2008-08-08 12:00:00','2008-08-08 00:00:00'); -- -12
select datediff('2008-08-08 12:00:00', '2008-08-01 00:00:00'); -- 7
MySQL timestampdiff() 函数就比 datediff() 功能强多了,datediff() 只能计算两个日期(date)之间相差的天数。
MySQL 时区(timezone)转换函数
convert_tz(dt,from_tz,to_tz)
select convert_tz('2008-08-08 12:00:00', '+08:00', '+00:00'); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00
时区转换也可以通过 date_add, date_sub, timestampadd 来实现。
select date_add('2008-08-08 12:00:00', interval -8 hour); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00
select date_sub('2008-08-08 12:00:00', interval 8 hour); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00
select timestampadd(hour, -8, '2008-08-08 12:00:00'); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00
更多参考 http://www.cnblogs.com/she27/archive/2009/01/16/1377089.html