数据库事务的几种配置方式_数据库公共配置事务-CSDN博客

Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >

     < bean id ="sessionFactory"
            class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
         < property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
         < property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
     </ bean >

     
     < bean id ="transactionManager"
        class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
         < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
     </ bean >

     
     < bean id ="userDaoTarget" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
         < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
     </ bean >

     < bean id ="userDao"
        class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" >
            
            < property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />
         < property name ="target" ref ="userDaoTarget" />
          < property name ="proxyInterfaces" value ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
         
         < property name ="transactionAttributes" >
             < props >
                 < prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
             </ props >
         </ property >
     </ bean >
</ beans >

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >

     < bean id ="sessionFactory"
            class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
         < property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
         < property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
     </ bean >

     
     < bean id ="transactionManager"
        class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
         < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
     </ bean >

     < bean id ="transactionBase"
            class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
            lazy-init ="true" abstract ="true" >
         
         < property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />
         
         < property name ="transactionAttributes" >
             < props >
                 < prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
             </ props >
         </ property >
     </ bean >

     
     < bean id ="userDaoTarget" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
         < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
     </ bean >

     < bean id ="userDao" parent ="transactionBase" >
         < property name ="target" ref ="userDaoTarget" />
     </ bean >
</ beans >

第三种方式：使用拦截器

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >

     < bean id ="sessionFactory"
            class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
         < property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
         < property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
     </ bean >

     
     < bean id ="transactionManager"
        class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
         < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
     </ bean >

     < bean id ="transactionInterceptor"
        class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor" >
         < property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />
         
         < property name ="transactionAttributes" >
             < props >
                 < prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
             </ props >
         </ property >
     </ bean >

     < bean class ="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator" >
         < property name ="beanNames" >
             < list >
                 < value > *Dao </ value >
             </ list >
         </ property >
         < property name ="interceptorNames" >
             < list >
                 < value > transactionInterceptor </ value >
             </ list >
         </ property >
     </ bean >

     
     < bean id ="userDao" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
         < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
     </ bean >
</ beans >

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" >

     < context:annotation-config />
     < context:component-scan base-package ="com.bluesky" />

     < bean id ="sessionFactory"
            class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
         < property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
         < property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
     </ bean >

     
     < bean id ="transactionManager"
        class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
         < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
     </ bean >

     < tx:advice id ="txAdvice" transaction-manager ="transactionManager" >
         < tx:attributes >
             < tx:method name ="*" propagation ="REQUIRED" />
         </ tx:attributes >
     </ tx:advice >

     < aop:config >
         < aop:pointcut id ="interceptorPointCuts"
            expression ="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
         < aop:advisor advice-ref ="txAdvice"
            pointcut-ref ="interceptorPointCuts" />
     </ aop:config >
</ beans >

需要注意的地方:

（1） advice（建议）的命名：由于每个模块都会有自己的Advice，所以在命名上需要作出规范，初步的构想就是模块名+Advice（只是一种命名规范）。

（2） tx:attribute标签所配置的是作为事务的方法的命名类型。

如<tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>

其中*为通配符，即代表以save为开头的所有方法，即表示符合此命名规则的方法作为一个事务。

propagation="REQUIRED"代表支持当前事务，如果当前没有事务，就新建一个事务。这是最常见的选择。

（3） aop:pointcut标签配置参与事务的类，由于是在Service中进行数据库业务操作，配的应该是包含那些作为事务的方法的Service类。

首先应该特别注意的是id的命名，同样由于每个模块都有自己事务切面，所以我觉得初步的命名规则因为 all+模块名+ServiceMethod。而且每个模块之间不同之处还在于以下一句：

expression="execution(* com.test.testAda.test.model.service.*.*(..))"

其中第一个*代表返回值，第二*代表service下子包，第三个*代表方法名，“（..）”代表方法参数。

（4） aop:advisor标签就是把上面我们所配置的事务管理两部分属性整合起来作为整个事务管理。

第五种方式：全注解

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional
@Component( " userDao " )
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {

     public List < User > listUsers() {
         return this .getSession().createQuery( " from User " ).list();
    }

}