tldr
1, ls
-A --almost-all Like the -a option above except it does not list . (current directory) and .. (parent directory)
-d --directory 显示目录本身
-F --classify This option will append an indicator character to the end of each listed name. For example, a forward slash (/) if the name is a directory
-r --reverse Display the results in reverse order. Normally, ls displays its results in ascending alphabetical order
-S Sort results by file size
-t Sort by modification time
-i 显示inode编号
2, less
3, file