Flex3到Flex4,增加了Spark组件,这是Flex的一次重要升级,基本上组件全部重写了一套,为了保持向下兼容,出现了同一组件两套实现并存的现象,虽然说Spark组件中也可嵌入MX组件,但实际使用常会遇到些小麻烦,例如mx:Tree滚动条异常,透明背景无法监听鼠标事件等等,如果你使用定制的组件,写法稍有不规范,就会出现Spark下显示异常,比如之前定制的TWaver圆角文本输入框就是如此,不得不在Spark下重新实现。
Spark与MX组件的区别
Spark最大的目的或许是方便Adobe兜售它的Flash Catalyst,当然这是个玩笑,Spark组件更加轻量,更易扩展。所有的Flex组件都从UIComponent继承,Spark组件也是如此,只不过它多了一层包装,从SkinnableComponent继承。MX中每个组件对应一个类,在Spark体系中,每个组件对应两个类,一个Component类,一个Skin类,例如按钮组件对应:spark.components.Button和spark.skins.spark.ButtonSkin,这种设计实现了组件行为逻辑与视图呈现的分离,就像将程序员和美工的工作分开一样,这也是MVC思想的产物。
Flex 3与Flex4的区别详见:
Differences between Flex 3 and Flex 4
what is difference in halo and spark in Flex3 and Flex4
Spark组件外观定制
前面提到Flash Catalyst,这就是Adobe提供的组件外观可视化编辑工具,这个工具主要针对美工、设计师,对于习惯于写代码的程序员们也可以使用Flash Builder 4+来定制组件。
回到实际问题,之前我定制的圆角文本输入框在Spark框架下出现了问题,我决定将其改造,使用定制组件Skin的方式实现圆角文本输入框。
定制圆角文本输入框
需求与分析
我的需求很简单,文本框带圆角,其内放个图标,如同mac osx的搜索框。实现思路也很清晰,给矩形增加圆角,再多放个icon,定好位置,做好布局……
定义组件类
开始动手,按Spark组件定制的步骤,先定义组件类,再定义外观类。
组件类描述组件的行为和属性,这里我们定义一个CustomTextInput.as,继承于spark.components.TextInput,组件行为不需要特别定义,这里只是增加两个样式:icon和radius,分别表示图标和圆角半径,而具体的呈现将在Skin类中实现。
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package
component{
import
skin.CustomTextInputSkin;
import
spark.components.TextInput;
[Style(name=
"icon"
, inherit=
"no"
, type=
"Object"
)]
[Style(name=
"radius"
, inherit=
"true"
, type=
"Number"
)]
public
class
CustomTextInput
extends
TextInput{
[Embed(source=
"/images/search.png"
)]
private
const
defaultIcon:Class;
public
function CustomTextInput(){
super
();
this
.setStyle(
'icon'
, defaultIcon);
this
.setStyle(
'radius'
,
10
);
this
.setStyle(
"skinClass"
, CustomTextInputSkin);
}
}
}
|
定义外观类外观类描述组件的呈现,这里我们按Flash Builder提示创建MXML Skin,选择名称为CustomTextInputSkin,设置Host component为component.CustomTextInput, 完成向导,自动生成文件CustomTextInputSkin.mxml
生成的文件实际上是默认TextInputSkin的复本,找到下面的片段:
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<!-- border -->
<!--- @private -->
<s:Rect left=
"0"
right=
"0"
top=
"0"
bottom=
"0"
id=
"border"
>
<s:stroke>
<!--- @private -->
<s:SolidColorStroke id=
"borderStroke"
weight=
"1"
/>
</s:stroke>
</s:Rect>
<!-- fill -->
<!--- Defines the appearance of the TextInput component's background. -->
<s:Rect id=
"background"
left=
"1"
right=
"1"
top=
"1"
bottom=
"1"
>
<s:fill>
<!--- @private Defines the background fill color. -->
<s:SolidColor id=
"bgFill"
color=
"0xFFFFFF"
/>
</s:fill>
</s:Rect>
<!-- shadow -->
<!--- @private -->
<s:Rect left=
"1"
top=
"1"
right=
"1"
height=
"1"
id=
"shadow"
>
<s:fill>
<s:SolidColor color=
"0x000000"
alpha=
"0.12"
/>
</s:fill>
</s:Rect>
<!-- text -->
<!--- @copy spark.components.supportClasses.SkinnableTextBase
#textDisplay -->
<s:RichEditableText id=
"textDisplay"
verticalAlign=
"middle"
widthInChars=
"10"
left=
"1"
right=
"1"
top=
"1"
bottom=
"1"
/>
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其中边框,填充,阴影,文本框都有对应的块,分别对边框、填充、阴影添加圆角,并在文本块增加了图片组件,修改如下:
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<!-- border -->
<!--- @private -->
<s:Rect left=
"0"
right=
"0"
top=
"0"
bottom=
"0"
id=
"border"
radiusX=
"{hostComponent.getStyle('radius')}"
radiusY=
"{hostComponent.getStyle('radius')}"
>
<s:stroke>
<!--- @private -->
<s:SolidColorStroke id=
"borderStroke"
weight=
"1"
/>
</s:stroke>
</s:Rect>
<!-- fill -->
<!--- Defines the appearance of the TextInput component
's background. -->
<s:Rect id="background" left="1" right="1" top="1" bottom="1" radiusX="{hostComponent.getStyle('
radius
')}" radiusY="{hostComponent.getStyle('
radius
')}" >
<s:fill>
<!--- @private Defines the background fill color. -->
<s:SolidColor id="bgFill" color="0xFFFFFF" />
</s:fill>
</s:Rect>
<!-- shadow -->
<!--- @private -->
<s:Rect left="1" top="1" right="1" height="1" id="shadow" radiusX="{hostComponent.getStyle('
radius
')}" radiusY="{hostComponent.getStyle('
radius
')}" >
<s:fill>
<s:SolidColor color="0x000000" alpha="0.12" />
</s:fill>
</s:Rect>
<s:HGroup id="textGroup" gap="0" height="100%" paddingLeft="4" paddingRight="4">
<!-- icon -->
<s:Image id="icon" includeIn="normal" x="0" y="0" source="{hostComponent.getStyle('
icon')}" verticalAlign=
"middle"
height=
"100%"
/>
<!-- text -->
<!--- @copy spark.components.supportClasses.SkinnableTextBase
#textDisplay -->
<s:RichEditableText id=
"textDisplay"
verticalAlign=
"middle"
widthInChars=
"10"
left=
"1"
right=
"1"
top=
"1"
bottom=
"1"
height=
"100%"
/>
</s:HGroup>
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使用运行测试定制的组件,代码如下:
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<?xml version=
"1.0"
encoding=
"utf-8"
?>
<s:Application xmlns:fx=
"http://ns.adobe.com/mxml/2009"
xmlns:component=
"component.*"
>
<s:VGroup paddingLeft=
"20"
paddingTop=
"20"
>
<s:TextInput />
<component:CustomTextInput />
<component:CustomTextInput radius=
"12"
icon=
"images/device.png"
text=
"ABC Test ... hohoho"
editable=
"false"
/>
</s:VGroup>
</s:Application>
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运行界面
代码下载
注意
此代码使用的Flex SDK 4.5编译,需要在Flash Player 10.2+运行,当然你也可以稍微改造一下代码,使其兼容Flex SDK 4.0,如图标改s:Image为mx:Image:
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<!-- icon -->
<mx:Image id=
"icon"
x=
"0"
y=
"0"
source=
"{hostComponent.getStyle('icon')}"
verticalAlign=
"middle"
height=
"100%"
/>
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参考文档
http://www.unitedmindset.com/jonbcampos/2010/03/21/new-spark-skinning-workflow/
http://www.slideshare.net/danorlando/creating-custom-spark-components-in-flex-4
http://www.adobe.com/devnet/flex/videotraining/exercises/ex5_06.html
zhuanzi :http://www.cnblogs.com/twaver/archive/2011/07/21/2112824.html