Java:多线程模拟多站点售票过程

这是一个在并发状态下对共享资源的多线程访问。这些访问必须是互斥的进行，因为涉及到对资源的修改。假设现在销售火车票。目的地有3个，分别是北京，天津和上海。使用一个枚举类型表示。

Destation.java

package  com.zj.tickets;   public   enum  Destation {      BEIJING ,  SHANGHAI ,  TIANJING }

下面设计车票类， final   int   original表示车票基数； int   current表示当前还有多少张票； Destation destation表示目的地，它必须从上面的枚举型中取出其一。

Ticket.java

package  com.zj.tickets;   public   class  Ticket {      private   final   int   original ;      private   int   current ;      private   final  Destation  destation ;        public  Ticket( int  nums, Destation where) {         current  =  original  = nums;         destation  = where;     }        public   int  degress() {         return  -- current ;     }        public   int  original() {         return   original ;     }        public   boolean  soldout() {         return   current  <= 0;     }        public  Destation getDestation() {         return   destation ;     }        public   int  getCurrent() {         return   current ;     } }

下面设计售票厅类， Map<Destation, Ticket>  tickets表示目前可销售的车票种类，它通过一个static块初始化。 Map<Destation, Integer>  records是当前售票厅的火车票销售情况。 List<BookingOffice>  offices表示当前可工作的所有售票厅，每个售票厅是一个线程。 int   ticketsSold表示当前售票厅售出的火车票总数。 int id表示当前售票厅编号。

每个线程都会模拟客户买票、工作人员查询数据库和售票交易过程。

模拟的数据为，当前发往北京、上海和天津的火车票各5张；每个售票厅交易5次（无论交易成功或失败）后关闭。

BookingOffice.java

package  com.zj.tickets; import  java.util.ArrayList; import  java.util.HashMap; import  java.util.List; import  java.util.Map; import  java.util.Random; import  java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;   public   class  BookingOffice  implements  Runnable {      private   static  Map<Destation, Ticket>  tickets  =  new HashMap<Destation, Ticket>();      private  Map<Destation, Integer>  records ;      private   static  List<BookingOffice>  offices  =  new ArrayList<BookingOffice>();      private   int   ticketsSold  = 0;      private   final   int   id ;        // now today's tickets for sell:      static  {         tickets .put(Destation. BEIJING ,  new  Ticket(5, Destation. BEIJING ));         tickets .put(Destation. SHANGHAI ,  new  Ticket(5, Destation. SHANGHAI ));         tickets .put(Destation. TIANJING ,  new  Ticket(5, Destation. TIANJING ));     }        public  BookingOffice( int  id) {         this . id  = id;         offices .add( this );        resetRecords();     }        private   void  resetRecords() {         records  =  new  HashMap<Destation, Integer>();     }        private   void  addRecords(Destation d) {        Integer freq =  records .get(d);         records .put(d, freq ==  null  ? 1 : freq + 1);     }        public   void  run() {         int  transaction = 5;         while  (transaction-- > 0) {             // simulate a customer's coming:            Destation d = Destation. values()[ new Random().nextInt(Destation                   . values(). length )];             print( this  +  "i want a ticket for "  + d);             // simulate the officer's checking:             try  {               TimeUnit. SECONDS .sleep(1);            }  catch  (InterruptedException e) {               e.printStackTrace();            }             // simulate the transaction:            Ticket wanted =  tickets .get(d);             synchronized  ( wanted ) {                if  (!wanted.soldout()) {                    print( this  +  "sold a ticket for "  + d);                   wanted.degress();                   addRecords(d);                   ++ ticketsSold ;                    print( this  +  ""  + d +  " tickets still have "                          + wanted.getCurrent());               }  else                    print( this  +  "tickets for "  + d +  " have been sold out." );            }        }         print( this  +  "closed" );         print( this  +  "totally sold tickets:"  +  ticketsSold  +  ",sell records:"               +  records );     }        public   synchronized   int  getValue() {         return   ticketsSold ;     }        public  String toString() {         return   "<Officce-"  +  id  +  ">" ;     }        static   void  print(String s) {        System. out .println(s);     } }

模拟售票过程如下，启动5个售票厅。

Sell.java

package  com.zj.tickets; import  java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import  java.util.concurrent.Executors;   public   class  Sell {      public   static   void  main(String[] args)  throws  Exception {        ExecutorService exec = Executors. newCachedThreadPool();         for  ( int  i = 0; i < 5; i++)            exec.execute( new  BookingOffice(i));        exec.shutdown();     } }

结果：

<Officce-0>i want a ticket for BEIJING

<Officce-1>i want a ticket for SHANGHAI

<Officce-2>i want a ticket for TIANJING

<Officce-3>i want a ticket for SHANGHAI

<Officce-4>i want a ticket for SHANGHAI

<Officce-0>sold a ticket for BEIJING

<Officce-0>BEIJING tickets still have 4

<Officce-0>i want a ticket for TIANJING

<Officce-1>sold a ticket for SHANGHAI

<Officce-1>SHANGHAI tickets still have 4

<Officce-1>i want a ticket for SHANGHAI

<Officce-2>sold a ticket for TIANJING

<Officce-2>TIANJING tickets still have 4

<Officce-2>i want a ticket for BEIJING

<Officce-3>sold a ticket for SHANGHAI

<Officce-3>SHANGHAI tickets still have 3

<Officce-3>i want a ticket for TIANJING

<Officce-4>sold a ticket for SHANGHAI

<Officce-4>SHANGHAI tickets still have 2

<Officce-4>i want a ticket for BEIJING

<Officce-4>sold a ticket for BEIJING

<Officce-4>BEIJING tickets still have 3

<Officce-4>i want a ticket for SHANGHAI

<Officce-3>sold a ticket for TIANJING

<Officce-3>TIANJING tickets still have 3

<Officce-3>i want a ticket for TIANJING

<Officce-2>sold a ticket for BEIJING

<Officce-2>BEIJING tickets still have 2

<Officce-2>i want a ticket for BEIJING

<Officce-1>sold a ticket for SHANGHAI

<Officce-1>SHANGHAI tickets still have 1

<Officce-1>i want a ticket for SHANGHAI

<Officce-0>sold a ticket for TIANJING

<Officce-0>TIANJING tickets still have 2

<Officce-0>i want a ticket for SHANGHAI

<Officce-4>sold a ticket for SHANGHAI

<Officce-4>SHANGHAI tickets still have 0

<Officce-4>i want a ticket for BEIJING

<Officce-3>sold a ticket for TIANJING

<Officce-3>TIANJING tickets still have 1

<Officce-3>i want a ticket for BEIJING

<Officce-2>sold a ticket for BEIJING

<Officce-2>BEIJING tickets still have 1

<Officce-2>i want a ticket for SHANGHAI

<Officce-1>tickets for SHANGHAI have been sold out.

<Officce-1>i want a ticket for SHANGHAI

<Officce-0>tickets for SHANGHAI have been sold out.

<Officce-0>i want a ticket for SHANGHAI

<Officce-4>sold a ticket for BEIJING

<Officce-4>BEIJING tickets still have 0

<Officce-4>i want a ticket for BEIJING

<Officce-3>tickets for BEIJING have been sold out.

<Officce-3>i want a ticket for BEIJING

<Officce-2>tickets for SHANGHAI have been sold out.

<Officce-2>i want a ticket for SHANGHAI

<Officce-1>tickets for SHANGHAI have been sold out.

<Officce-1>i want a ticket for BEIJING

<Officce-0>tickets for SHANGHAI have been sold out.

<Officce-0>i want a ticket for SHANGHAI

<Officce-4>tickets for BEIJING have been sold out.

<Officce-4>closed

<Officce-4>totally sold tickets:4,sell records:{BEIJING=2, SHANGHAI=2}

<Officce-3>tickets for BEIJING have been sold out.

<Officce-3>closed

<Officce-3>totally sold tickets:3,sell records:{TIANJING=2, SHANGHAI=1}

<Officce-2>tickets for SHANGHAI have been sold out.

<Officce-2>closed

<Officce-2>totally sold tickets:3,sell records:{BEIJING=2, TIANJING=1}

<Officce-1>tickets for BEIJING have been sold out.

<Officce-1>closed

<Officce-1>totally sold tickets:2,sell records:{SHANGHAI=2}

<Officce-0>tickets for SHANGHAI have been sold out.

<Officce-0>closed

<Officce-0>totally sold tickets:2,sell records:{BEIJING=1, TIANJING=1}

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