1. 第一步的核心是获取Class
常规情况下,一个class的二进制文件唯一对应jvm中的一个class对象,class的加载大部分情况都是jvm自动处理,对于动态加载的情况,一种是通过Class.forName,另一种是通过ClassLoader.loadClass(),这两种方式都可以加载classpath下的class二进制文件,关于classpath的获取
How to print out the current project classpath
Find where java class is loaded from
ClassLoader.loadClass()的优势是可以自定义ClassLoader,以实现自定义class二进制字节码的加载地址,比如实现加载网络上的class二进制文件。
以下方式都会返回Class的实例
Class.forName()
ClassLoader.loadClass()
ClassName.class
objectName.getClass()
2. 获取class简要信息
void checkClass(String className) throws ClassNotFoundException {
Class bclass = Class.forName(className);
System.out.println("class name: " + bclass.getSimpleName());
System.out.println();
int modifier = bclass.getModifiers();
System.out.println("is class public: " + Modifier.isPublic(modifier));
System.out.println();
Package pac = bclass.getPackage();
System.out.println("package name: " + pac.getName());
System.out.println();
Class sclass = bclass.getSuperclass();
System.out.println("super class: " + sclass.getName());
System.out.println();
Class[] inters = bclass.getInterfaces();
System.out.println("implemented interface: ");
for (Class cls : inters)
System.out.println("\t" + cls.getName());
System.out.println();
Constructor[] constructors = bclass.getConstructors();
System.out.println("constructors:");
for (Constructor c : constructors) {
System.out.println("\t" + c.getName());
for (Class cls : c.getParameterTypes())
System.out.println("\t\tparam type: " + cls.getName());
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println("own methods:");
for (Method mth : bclass.getDeclaredMethods()) {
System.out.println("\t" + mth.getName());
for (Class cls : mth.getParameterTypes())
System.out.println("\t\tparam types: " + cls.getName());
System.out.println("\t\treturn types: " + mth.getReturnType().getName());
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println("fields:");
for (Field f : bclass.getFields()) {
System.out.print("\t" + f.getName());
System.out.println("\t:" + f.getType().getName());
}
}
refer Java Reflection
3. 通过反射的方式查看Object里面的变量
1) getFields可以获取所有的public类型成员变量,包含所有父类的public变量
2) getDeclaredFields可以获取当前类的所有成员变量,包含private类型,但是不包含父类
以下通过循环的方式获取所有成员变量的信息
static Map<String, Object> objectToMap(Object object) {
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
Class cls = object.getClass();
while (cls != null) {
System.out.println(cls.getName());
for (Field field : cls.getDeclaredFields()) {
field.setAccessible(true);
Object value = null;
try {
value = field.get(object);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(field.getName() + " # " + value);
if (value != null)
map.put(field.getName(), value);
}
cls = cls.getSuperclass();
System.out.println("=====================");
}
return map;
}
4. 通过反射的方式创建一个新的对象
假设有一个class
public class MyObject {
private int code;
private String msg;
public MyObject(int code, String msg) {
this.code = code;
this.msg = msg;
}
public int getCode() {
return code;
}
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
}
1) MyObject可能会有子类,所有的子类都会有(int, String)这样的构造函数,那么所有的子类都可以通过如下的方式创建
public static void main(String[] args) throws InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
MyObject object = newInstance(MyObject.class, 1, "succ");
System.out.println(object.getCode() + " # " + object.getMsg());
}
static MyObject newInstance(Class<? extends MyObject> classType, int code, String msg) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
Constructor<? extends MyObject> constructor = classType.getConstructor(int.class, String.class);
return constructor.newInstance(code, msg);
}
2) 通过Class的newInstance()方式创建一个对象,前提是该Class有默认构造函数或无参构造函数