第一、复制对象的基本概念
复制一个对象为副本，开辟一块新的内存来存储副本对象。
第二、如果一个对象想具备复制的功能，必须实现协议和协议
NSObject自带的常用的对象有：NSNumber、NSString、NSArray、NSDictionary、NSMutableArray、NSMutableDictionay、NSMutableString，copy产生的对象时不可变的，mutableCopy产生的对象时可变的
第三、retain和copy的区别
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@autoreleasepool
{
NSMutableArray *array=[NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@
"one"
,@
"two"
,@
"three"
,@
"four"
,nil];
NSMutableArray *retainArray=[array retain];
[retainArray removeLastObject];
for
(NSString *str in array)
{
NSLog(@
"the part is %@"
,str);
}
NSLog(@
"the retaincount is %ld"
,[retainArray retainCount]);
// insert code here...
NSLog(@
"Hello, World!"
);
}
|
结果：
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2
3
4
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2014
-
05
-
19
10
:
58
:
22.639
objective[
1095
:
303
] the part is one
2014
-
05
-
19
10
:
58
:
22.641
objective[
1095
:
303
] the part is two
2014
-
05
-
19
10
:
58
:
22.641
objective[
1095
:
303
] the part is three
2014
-
05
-
19
10
:
58
:
22.641
objective[
1095
:
303
] the retaincount is
2
|
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2
3
4
5
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8
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NSMutableArray *array=[NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@
"one"
,@
"two"
,@
"three"
,@
"four"
,nil];
NSMutableArray *retainArray=[array mutableCopy];
[retainArray removeLastObject];
for
(NSString *str in array)
{
NSLog(@
"the part is %@"
,str);
}
NSLog(@
"the retaincount is %ld"
,[retainArray retainCount]);
|
结果
2014-05-19 10:59:03.826 objective[1104:303] the part is one
2014-05-19 10:59:03.828 objective[1104:303] the part is two
2014-05-19 10:59:03.828 objective[1104:303] the part is three
2014-05-19 10:59:03.829 objective[1104:303] the part is four
2014-05-19 10:59:03.829 objective[1104:303] the retaincount is 1
第四、COPY和MutableCopy的区别
COPY 返回一个不可变对象的副本，MutalbeCopy返回一个可变对象的副本。
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NSArray *array=[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@
"one"
,@
"two"
, nil];
NSMutableArray *array1=[array copy];
[array1 addObject:@
"three"
];
//error
NSMutableArray *array2=[array mutableCopy];
[array2 addObject:@
"three"
];
//right
// insert code here...
NSLog(@
"Hello, World!"
);
|
第五、浅copy和深copy
浅复制尽复制对象本身，对象里的属性、包含的对象不做复制
深复制复制全部，包括对象的属性和其他对象
Foundation框架支持复制的类，默认是浅复制
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NSMutableArray *array=[[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
for
(
int
i=
0
;i<
3
;i++)
{
NSObject *obj=[[NSObject alloc] init];
[array addObject:obj];
[obj release];
}
for
(NSObject *obj1 in array)
{
NSLog(@
"地址为 %p,引用计数是 %ld"
,obj1,obj1.retainCount);
}
NSMutableArray *array2=[array copy];
for
(NSObject *obj2 in array2)
{
NSLog(@
"地址为 %p,引用计数是 %ld"
,obj2,obj2.retainCount);
}
|
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2013
-
09
-
30
17
:
28
:
01.492
FDAS[
681
:
303
] 地址为
0x1001081f0
,引用计数是
1
2013
-
09
-
30
17
:
28
:
01.506
FDAS[
681
:
303
] 地址为
0x100108230
,引用计数是
1
2013
-
09
-
30
17
:
28
:
01.506
FDAS[
681
:
303
] 地址为
0x100108240
,引用计数是
1
2013
-
09
-
30
17
:
28
:
01.507
FDAS[
681
:
303
] 地址为
0x1001081f0
,引用计数是
2
2013
-
09
-
30
17
:
28
:
01.507
FDAS[
681
:
303
] 地址为
0x100108230
,引用计数是
2
2013
-
09
-
30
17
:
28
:
01.507
FDAS[
681
:
303
] 地址为
0x100108240
,引用计数是
2
|
第五、对象的自定义拷贝
对象拥有复制特性，必须实现NSCopying，NSMutableCopying协议，实现该协议的copyWithZone方法和mutableCopyWithZone方法
深拷贝和浅拷贝的区别就在于copyWithZone方法的实现,
浅拷贝代码如下：
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#
import
<foundation foundation.h=
""
>
@interface
Person : NSObject<nscopying>
@property
(nonatomic,retain)NSString *name;
@property
(nonatomic,retain)NSString *age;
@end
</nscopying></foundation>
|
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#
import
"Person.h"
@implementation
Person
- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone
{
//实现自定义浅拷贝
Person *person=[[self
class
] allocWithZone:zone];
person.age=_age;
person.name=_name;
return
person;
}
@end
|
main函数为：
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@autoreleasepool
{
Person *person=[[Person alloc] init];
person.name=@
"andy"
;
person.age=@
"20"
;
Person *person2=[person copy];
NSLog(@
"person 地址为%p,person2地址为%p"
,person.name,person2.name);
}
|
|
1
|
2013
-
09
-
30
17
:
48
:
41.007
FDAS[
732
:
303
] person 地址为
0x1000022c8
,person2地址为
0x1000022c8
|
深拷贝代码如下：
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- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone
{
//实现自定义浅拷贝
Person *person=[[self
class
] allocWithZone:zone];
person.age=[_age copy];
person.name=[_age copy];
return
person;
}
|
结果：
|
1
|
2013
-
09
-
30
17
:
55
:
13.603
FDAS[
742
:
303
] person 地址为
0x1000022c8
,person2地址为
0x1000022e8
|
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NSArray *arr=[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@
"one"
,@
"two"
,nil];
NSArray *arr2=[arr copy];
NSLog(@
"the dress of arr is %p the dress of arr2 is %p"
,arr,arr2);
NSLog(@
"the retainCount is %ld"
,arr.retainCount);
|
执行结果为：
2013-09-30 18:01:01.394 FDAS[787:303] the dress of arr is 0x100108320 the dress of arr2 is 0x100108320
2013-09-30 18:01:01.396 FDAS[787:303] the retainCount is 2
结果是一样的，是因为Foundation对于不可变复制对象而言，copy方法做了优化，相当于retain，故retaincount变成2.
相当于 在copyWithZone方法中：return [self retain];
第六、copy、mutableCopy和retain之间的关系
在Foundation对象中，copy是一个不可变的对象时，作用相当于retain
当使用mutableCopy时，不管源对象是否可变，副本是可变的，并且实现真正意义上的copy
当我们使用copy一个可变对象时，副本对象是不可变的。
关于深拷贝和浅拷贝：
第一、浅拷贝：
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Car *car=[[[self
class
] allocWithZone:zone] init];
car.engine=_engine;
car.name=_name;
car.weight=_weight;
return
car;
|
测试代码：
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Car *car = [[Car alloc] init];
Engine *engine = [[Engine alloc] init];
car.engine = engine;
[engine release];
//NSLog(@"engine retaincount is %lu",[engine retainCount]);
car.name = @
"奥迪"
;
car.weight =
@1000
;
Car *car2=[car copy];
// NSLog(@"car2 retaincount is %lu",[car2 retainCount]);
NSLog(@
"car %@,car2:%@"
,car.engine,car2.engine);
|
输出结果：
car ,car2:
可以看出浅复制只是复制指针，并没有创建新的内存空间第二、深拷贝：
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- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
/***浅拷贝**/
Car *car=[[[self
class
] allocWithZone:zone] init];
Engine *engineCopy=[[_engine copy] autorelease];
car.engine=engineCopy;
NSString *namecopy=[[_name copy] autorelease];
car.name=namecopy;
NSNumber *weightcopy=[[_weight copy] autorelease];
car.weight=weightcopy;
return
car;
}
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测试代码：
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Car *car = [[Car alloc] init];
Engine *engine = [[Engine alloc] init];
car.engine = engine;
[engine release];
//NSLog(@"engine retaincount is %lu",[engine retainCount]);
car.name = @
"奥迪"
;
car.weight =
@1000
;
Car *car2=[car copy];
// NSLog(@"car2 retaincount is %lu",[car2 retainCount]);
NSLog(@
"car %@,car2:%@"
,car.engine,car2.engine);
|
结果：
car ,car2:
开辟了新的空间,zone代表一块内存空间|
1
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Car *car=[[[self
class
] allocWithZone:zone] init];
|
注意上述代码用的是【self class】，而不是car，因为如果是用car，那么car的子类在调用此方法去实现copy协议时，就会出现内存问题
另外，当子类继承了父类时，他继承了父类的一切属性，包括要实现的协议
第三、NSFoundation，当我们copy的时一个不可变对象时，默认的copy都是浅拷贝,相当于retain
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NSArray *array =[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@
"one"
,@
"two"
,@
"three"
, nil];
NSArray *array1 = [array copy];
NSLog(@
"%p"
,array);
NSLog(@
"%p"
,array1);
NSLog(@
"the retaincount is %lu"
,[array retainCount]);
|
输出结果：
copyDemo1[673:303] 0x10010a5d0
2013-12-28 20:01:10.969 copyDemo1[673:303] 0x10010a5d0
2013-12-28 20:01:10.969 copyDemo1[673:303] the retaincount is 2
注意retaincount会增加当使用mutableCopy时，不管对象是否可变，都会实现深拷贝
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NSArray *array =[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@
"one"
,@
"two"
,@
"three"
, nil];
NSMutableArray *array1 = [array mutableCopy];
NSLog(@
"%p"
,array);
NSLog(@
"%p"
,array1);
NSLog(@
"the retaincount is %lu"
,[array retainCount]);
|
结果：
copyDemo1[695:303] 0x10010a5d0
2013-12-28 20:07:08.570 copyDemo1[695:303] 0x10010b260
2013-12-28 20:07:08.570 copyDemo1[695:303] the retaincount is 1
第四、retain相当于两个对象指向同一个指针|
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NSMutableArray *array1 = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithObjects:@
"one"
,@
"two"
,@
"three"
,@
"foure"
, nil];
NSMutableArray *array2 = [array1 retain];
[array2 removeLastObject];
NSLog(@
"%@"
,array1);
NSLog(@
"the retaincount is %ld"
,array2.retainCount);
|
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2013
-
12
-
28
20
:
13
:
02.915
copyDemo1[
736
:
303
] (
one,
two,
three
)
2013
-
12
-
28
20
:
13
:
02.917
copyDemo1[
736
:
303
] the retaincount is
2
|
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