Leetcode 310. Minimum Height Trees

For an undirected graph with tree characteristics, we can choose any node as the root. The result graph is then a rooted tree. Among all possible rooted trees, those with minimum height are called minimum height trees (MHTs). Given such a graph, write a function to find all the MHTs and return a list of their root labels.

Format
The graph contains n nodes which are labeled from 0 to n - 1. You will be given the number n and a list of undirected edges (each edge is a pair of labels).

You can assume that no duplicate edges will appear in edges. Since all edges are undirected, [0, 1] is the same as [1, 0] and thus will not appear together in edges.

Example 1 :

Input: n = 4, edges = [[1, 0], [1, 2], [1, 3]]

        0
        |
        1
       / \
      2   3 

Output: [1]

Example 2 :

Input: n = 6, edges = [[0, 3], [1, 3], [2, 3], [4, 3], [5, 4]]

     0  1  2
      \ | /
        3
        |
        4
        |
        5 

Output: [3, 4]

Note:

• According to the definition of tree on Wikipedia: “a tree is an undirected graph in which any two vertices are connected by exactly one path. In other words, any connected graph without simple cycles is a tree.”
• The height of a rooted tree is the number of edges on the longest downward path between the root and a leaf.

思路：

(贪心删点) O(n)O(n)
1. 从叶子结点开始，每一轮删除所有叶子结点。
2. 删除后，会出现新的叶子结点，此时再删除。
3. 重复以上过程直到剩余1个或2个结点，此时这1个或2个结点就是答案

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> findMinHeightTrees(int n, vector<pair<int, int> >& edges) {
        if (n == 1) return {0};
        vector<int> res;
        vector<unordered_set<int>> adj(n);
        queue<int> q;
        for (auto edge : edges) {
            adj[edge.first].insert(edge.second);
            adj[edge.second].insert(edge.first);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            if (adj[i].size() == 1) q.push(i);
        }
        while (n > 2) {
            int size = q.size();
            n -= size;
            for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
                int t = q.front(); q.pop();
                for (auto a : adj[t]) {
                    adj[a].erase(t);
                    if (adj[a].size() == 1) q.push(a);
                }
            }
        }
        while (!q.empty()) {
            res.push_back(q.front()); q.pop();
        }
        return res;
    }
};