1.ASCII
SQL> select ascii('A') A,ascii('a') a,ascii('0') zero,ascii(' ') space from dual;
--------- --------- --------- ---------
2.CHR 给出整数,返回对应的字符;
SQL> select chr(54740) zhao,chr(65) chr65 from dual;
ZH C
-- -
赵 A
3.CONCAT 连接两个字符串;
SQL> select concat('010-','88888888')
电话
----------------
010-88888888
4.INITCAP
SQL> select initcap('smith')
UPP
-----
Smith
5.INSTR(C1,C2,I,J) 在一个字符串中搜索指定的字符,返回发现指定的字符的位置;
C1
C2
I
J
SQL> select instr('oracle traning','ra',1,2) instring from dual;
---------
6.LENGTH 返回字符串的长度;
SQL> select name,length(name),addr,length(addr),sal,length(to_char(sal)) from gao.nchar_tst;
NAME
------ ------------ ---------------- ------------ --------- --------------------
高乾竞
7.LOWER 返回字符串,并将所有的字符小写
SQL> select lower('AaBbCcDd')AaBbCcDd from dual;
AABBCCDD
--------
aabbccdd
8.UPPER 返回字符串,并将所有的字符大写
SQL> select upper('AaBbCcDd') upper from dual;
UPPER
--------
AABBCCDD
9.RPAD和LPAD(粘贴字符)
RPAD
LPAD
SQL> select lpad(rpad('gao',10,'*'),17,'*')from dual;
LPAD(RPAD('GAO',1
-----------------
*******gao*******
不够字符则用*来填满
10.LTRIM和RTRIM
LTRIM
RTRIM
SQL> select ltrim(rtrim('
LTRIM(RTRIM('
-------------
gao qian jing
11.SUBSTR(string,start,count) 取子字符串,从start开始,取count个
SQL> select substr('13088888888',3,8) from dual;
SUBSTR('
--------
08888888
12.REPLACE('string','s1','s2')
string
s1
s2
SQL> select replace('he love you','he','i') from dual;
REPLACE('H
----------
i love you
13.SOUNDEX
SQL> create table table1(xm varchar(8));
SQL> insert into table1 values('weather');
SQL> insert into table1 values('wether');
SQL> insert into table1 values('gao');
SQL> select xm from table1 where soundex(xm)=soundex('weather');
XM
--------
weather
wether
14.TRIM('s' from 'string') LEADING
如果不指定,默认为空格符
15.ABS 返回指定值的绝对值
SQL> select abs(100),abs(-100) from dual;
--------- ---------
16.ACOS 给出反余弦的值
SQL> select acos(-1) from dual;
---------
3.1415927
17.ASIN 给出反正弦的值
SQL> select asin(0.5) from dual;
ASIN(0.5)
---------
.52359878
18.ATAN 返回一个数字的反正切值
SQL> select atan(1) from dual;
---------
.78539816
19.CEIL 返回大于或等于给出数字的最小整数
SQL> select ceil(3.1415927) from dual;
CEIL(3.1415927)
---------------
20.COS 返回一个给定数字的余弦
SQL> select cos(-3.1415927) from dual;
COS(-3.1415927)
---------------
21.COSH 返回一个数字反余弦值
SQL> select cosh(20) from dual;
---------
242582598
22.EXP 返回一个数字e的n次方根
SQL> select exp(2),exp(1) from dual;
--------- ---------
7.3890561 2.7182818
23.FLOOR 对给定的数字取整数
SQL> select floor(2345.67) from dual;
FLOOR(2345.67)
--------------
24.LN 返回一个数字的对数值
SQL> select ln(1),ln(2),ln(2.7182818) from dual;
--------- --------- -------------
25.LOG(n1,n2) 返回一个以n1为底n2的对数
SQL> select log(2,1),log(2,4) from dual;
--------- ---------
26.MOD(n1,n2) 返回一个n1除以n2的余数
SQL> select mod(10,3),mod(3,3),mod(2,3) from dual;
MOD(10,3)
--------- --------- ---------
27.POWER 返回n1的n2次方根
SQL> select power(2,10),power(3,3) from dual;
POWER(2,10) POWER(3,3)
----------- ----------
28.ROUND和TRUNC 按照指定的精度进行舍入
SQL> select round(55.5),round(-55.4),trunc(55.5),trunc(-55.5) from dual;
ROUND(55.5) ROUND(-55.4) TRUNC(55.5) TRUNC(-55.5)
----------- ------------ ----------- ------------
29.SIGN 取数字n的符号,大于0返回1,小于0返回-1,等于0返回0
SQL> select sign(123),sign(-100),sign(0) from dual;
SIGN(123) SIGN(-100)
--------- ---------- ---------
30.SIN 返回一个数字的正弦值
SQL> select sin(1.57079) from dual;
SIN(1.57079)
------------
31.SIGH 返回双曲正弦的值
SQL> select sin(20),sinh(20) from dual;
--------- ---------
.91294525 242582598
32.SQRT 返回数字n的根
SQL> select sqrt(64),sqrt(10) from dual;
--------- ---------
33.TAN 返回数字的正切值
SQL> select tan(20),tan(10) from dual;
--------- ---------
2.2371609 .64836083
34.TANH 返回数字n的双曲正切值
SQL> select tanh(20),tan(20) from dual;
--------- ---------
35.TRUNC 按照指定的精度截取一个数
SQL> select trunc(124.1666,-2) trunc1,trunc(124.16666,2) from dual;
--------- ------------------
36.ADD_MONTHS 增加或减去月份
SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),2),'yyyymm') from dual;
TO_CHA
------
200002
SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),-2),'yyyymm') from dual;
TO_CHA
------
199910
37.LAST_DAY 返回日期的最后一天
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd'),to_char((sysdate)+1,'yyyy.mm.dd') from dual;
TO_CHAR(SY TO_CHAR((S
---------- ----------
2004.05.09 2004.05.10
SQL> select last_day(sysdate) from dual;
LAST_DAY(S
----------
31-5月 -04
38.MONTHS_BETWEEN(date2,date1) 给出date2-date1的月份
SQL> select months_between('19-12月-1999','19-3月-1999') mon_between from dual;
MON_BETWEEN
-----------
SQL>selectmonths_between(to_date('2000.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd'),to_date('2005.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd')) mon_betw from dual;
---------
39.NEW_TIME(date,'this','that') 给出在this时区=other时区的日期和时间
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') bj_time,to_char(new_time
BJ_TIME
------------------- -------------------
2004.05.09 11:05:32 2004.05.09 18:05:32
40.NEXT_DAY(date,'day') 给出日期date和星期x之后计算下一个星期的日期
SQL> select next_day('18-5月-2001','星期五') next_day from dual;
NEXT_DAY
----------
25-5月 -01
41.SYSDATE 用来得到系统的当前日期
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'dd-mm-yyyy day') from dual;
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'
-----------------
09-05-2004 星期日
trunc(date,fmt)按照给出的要求将日期截断,如果fmt='mi'表示保留分,截断秒
SQL> select to_char(trunc(sysdate,'hh'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hh,
HH
------------------- -------------------
2004.05.09 11:00:00 2004.05.09 11:17:00
42.CHARTOROWID 将字符数据类型转换为ROWID类型
SQL> select rowid,rowidtochar(rowid),ename from scott.emp;
ROWID
------------------ ------------------ ----------
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA SMITH
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB ALLEN
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC WARD
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD JONES
43.CONVERT(c,dset,sset) 将源字符串 sset从一个语言字符集转换到另一个目的dset字符集
SQL> select convert('strutz','we8hp','f7dec') "conversion" from dual;
conver
------
strutz
44.HEXTORAW
将一个十六进制构成的字符串转换为二进制
45.RAWTOHEXT
将一个二进制构成的字符串转换为十六进制
46.ROWIDTOCHAR 将ROWID数据类型转换为字符类型
47.TO_CHAR(date,'format')
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY
-------------------
2004/05/09 21:14:41
48.TO_DATE(string,'format')
将字符串转化为ORACLE中的一个日期
49.TO_MULTI_BYTE 将字符串中的单字节字符转化为多字节字符
SQL>
TO
--
高
50.TO_NUMBER 将给出的字符转换为数字
SQL> select to_number('1999') year from dual;
---------
51.BFILENAME(dir,file) 指定一个外部二进制文件
SQL>insert into file_tb1 values(bfilename('lob_dir1','image1.gif'));
52.CONVERT('x','desc','source') 将x字段或变量的源source转换为desc
SQL> select sid,serial#,username,decode(command,
--------- --------- ------------------------------ ------
53.DUMP(s,fmt,start,length) DUMP函数以fmt指定的内部数字格式返回一个VARCHAR2类型的值
SQL> col global_name for a30
SQL> col dump_string for a50
SQL> set lin 200
SQL> select global_name,dump(global_name,1017,8,5) dump_string from global_name;
GLOBAL_NAME
------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------
ORACLE.WORLD
54.EMPTY_BLOB()和EMPTY_CLOB()
这两个函数都是用来对大数据类型字段进行初始化操作的函数
55.GREATEST 返回一组表达式中的最大值,即比较字符的编码大小.
SQL> select greatest('AA','AB','AC') from dual;
GR
--
AC
SQL> select greatest('啊','安','天') from dual;
GR
--
天
56.LEAST 返回一组表达式中的最小值
SQL> select least('啊','安','天') from dual;
LE
--
啊
57.UID 返回标识当前用户的唯一整数
SQL> show user
USER 为"GAO"
SQL> select username,user_id from dba_users where user_id=uid;
USERNAME
------------------------------ ---------
GAO
58.USER 返回当前用户的名字
SQL> select user from
USER
------------------------------
GAO
59.USEREVN 返回当前用户环境的信息,opt可以是:
ENTRYID,SESSIONID,TERMINAL,ISDBA,LABLE,LANGUAGE,CLIENT_INFO,LANG,VSIZE
ISDBA
SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;
USEREN
------
FALSE
SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;
USEREN
------
TRUE
SESSION
返回会话标志
SQL> select userenv('sessionid') from dual;
USERENV('SESSIONID')
--------------------
ENTRYID
返回会话人口标志
SQL> select userenv('entryid') from dual;
USERENV('ENTRYID')
------------------
INSTANCE
返回当前INSTANCE的标志
SQL> select userenv('instance') from dual;
USERENV('INSTANCE')
-------------------
LANGUAGE
返回当前环境变量
SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;
USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------
SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
LANG
返回当前环境的语言的缩写
SQL> select userenv('lang') from dual;
USERENV('LANG')
----------------------------------------------------
ZHS
TERMINAL
返回用户的终端或机器的标志
SQL> select userenv('terminal') from dual;
USERENV('TERMINA
----------------
GAO
VSIZE(X)
返回X的大小(字节)数
SQL> select vsize(user),user from dual;
VSIZE(USER) USER
----------- ------------------------------
60.AVG(DISTINCT|ALL) all表示对所有的值求平均值,distinct只对不同的值求平均值
SQLWKS> create table table3(xm varchar(8),sal number(7,2));
语句已处理。
SQLWKS>
SQLWKS>
SQLWKS>
SQLWKS> commit;
SQL> select avg(distinct sal) from gao.table3;
AVG(DISTINCTSAL)
----------------
SQL> select avg(all sal) from gao.table3;
AVG(ALLSAL)
-----------
61.MAX(DISTINCT|ALL) 求最大值,ALL表示对所有的值求最大值,DISTINCT表示对不同的值求最大值,相同的只取一次
SQL> select max(distinct sal) from scott.emp;
MAX(DISTINCTSAL)
----------------
62.MIN(DISTINCT|ALL) 求最小值,ALL表示对所有的值求最小值,DISTINCT表示对不同的值求最小值,相同的只取一次
SQL> select min(all sal) from gao.table3;
MIN(ALLSAL)
-----------
63.STDDEV(distinct|all) 求标准差,ALL表示对所有的值求标准差,DISTINCT表示只对不同的值求标准差
SQL> select stddev(sal) from scott.emp;
STDDEV(SAL)
-----------
SQL> select stddev(distinct sal) from scott.emp;
STDDEV(DISTINCTSAL)
-------------------
64.VARIANCE(DISTINCT|ALL) 求协方差
SQL> select variance(sal) from scott.emp;
VARIANCE(SAL)
-------------
65.GROUP BY 主要用来对一组数进行统计
SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno;
--------- --------- ---------
66.HAVING 对分组统计再加限制条件
SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno having count(*)>=5;
--------- --------- ---------
SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp having count(*)>=5 group by deptno ;
--------- --------- ---------
67.ORDER BY 用于对查询到的结果进行排序输出
SQL> select deptno,ename,sal from scott.emp order by deptno,sal desc;
--------- ---------- ---------