给它的定义:
Closures are anonymous blocks of code that can accept parameters and can return a value. They can be assigned to variables and can be passed as parameters to methods.
匿名代码块;
可向它传入参数;
可被赋给变量;
自身可作为参数传递到方法中;
Closure square = {
it * it
}
square 16
简单的Closure:
def myClosure = { println 'Hello world!' }
//execute our closure
myClosure()
接受一个参数的Closure:
def myClosure = {String str -> println str }
//execute our closure
myClosure('Hello world!')
一个参数时,在闭包内可以用it代替
def myClosure = {println it }
//execute our closure
myClosure('Hello world!')
接受多个参数
def myClosure = {String str, int num -> println "$str : $num" }
//execute our closure
myClosure('my string', 21)
参数类型是可选的,上面的还可以写成这样
def myClosure = {str, num -> println "$str : $num" }
//execute our closure
myClosure('my string', 21)
闭包可以引用创建它的上下文中的变量
def myVar = 'Hello World!'
def myClosure = {println myVar}
myClosure()
闭包的上下文Context可利用setDelegate()来切换
这个概念在后面会变的非常有用。
def myClosure = {println myVar}
MyClass m = new MyClass()
myClosure.setDelegate(m)
myClosure()
class MyClass {
def myVar = 'Hello from MyClass!'
}
在创建myClosure之时,myVar是不存在的,但在执行myClosure之前,将myClosure的context改变为MyClass
传递Closure参数
下面是方法中传递Closure参数的多重写法
接受一个参数
myMethod(myClosure)
如果只有一个参数,括号可省略
myMethod myClosure
in-line内联形式
myMethod {println 'Hello World'}
两个参数
myMethod(arg1, myClosure)
第二个参数为in-line形式
myMethod(arg1, { println 'Hello World' })
如果方法最后一个参数是闭包,那么可将其移出来
myMethod(arg1) { println 'Hello World' }