最简单的hello world
- #!/usr/bin/env python
- # encoding: utf-8
- from flask import Flask
- app = Flask(__name__)
- @app.route('/')
- def index():
- return'hello world'
- if__name__ == '__main__':
- app.run(debug=True)
- #app.run(host='127.0.0.1', port=8000)
之后,访问http://localhost:5000
支持post/get提交
@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
多个url指向
@app.route('/')
@app.route('/index')
不管post/get使用统一的接收
- from flask import request
- args = request.args if request.method == 'GET'else request.form
- a = args.get('a','default')
处理json请求
request的header中
"Content-Type": "application/json"
处理时:
data = request.get_json(silent=False)
获取post提交中的checkbox
{%forpageinpages %}
<tr><td><inputtype=checkboxname=do_deletevalue="{{ page['id'] }}"></td><td>
{%endfor%}
page_ids = request.form.getlist("do_delete")
使用url中的参数
- @app.route('/query/<qid>/')
- def query(qid):
- pass
在request开始结束dosomething
一般可以处理数据库连接等等
- from flask import g
- app = .....
- @app.before_request
- def before_request():
- g.session = create_session()
- @app.teardown_request
- def teardown_request(exception):
- g.session.close()
注册Jinja2模板中使用的过滤器
- @app.template_filter('reverse')
- defreverse_filter(s):
- returns[::-1]
或者
- def reverse_filter(s):
- returns[::-1]
- app.jinja_env.filters['reverse'] = reverse_filter
可以这么用
- defa():...
- defb():...
- FIL = {'a':a,'b':b}
- app.jinja_env.filters.update(FIL)
注册Jinja2模板中使用的全局变量
- JINJA2_GLOBALS = {'MEDIA_PREFIX':'/media/'}
- app.jinja_env.globals.update(JINJA2_GLOBALS)
定义应用使用的template和static目录
app = Flask(__name__, template_folder=settings.TEMPLATE_FOLDER, static_folder = settings.STATIC_PATH)
使用Blueprint
- from flask import Blueprint
- bp_test = Blueprint('test',__name__)
- #bp_test = Blueprint('test', __name__, url_prefix='/abc')
- @bp_test.route('/')
- --------
- from xxx import bp_test
- app = Flask(__name__)
- app.register_blueprint(bp_test)
实例:
- bp_video = Blueprint('video',__name__,url_prefix='/kw_news/video')
- @bp_video.route('/search/category/',methods=['POST','GET'])
- #注意这种情况下Blueprint中url_prefix不能以 '/' 结尾, 否则404
使用session
包装cookie实现的,没有session id
- app.secret_key = 'PS#yio`%_!((f_or(%)))s'
- # 然后
- from flask import session
- session['somekey'] = 1
- session.pop('logged_in',None)
- session.clear()
- #过期时间,通过cookie实现的
- fromd atetime import timedelta
- session.permanent = True
- app.permanent_session_lifetime = timedelta(minutes=5)
反向路由
- from flask import url_for,render_template
- @app.route("/")
- def home():
- login_uri = url_for("login",next=url_for("home"))
- return render_template("home.html", **locals())
上传文件
<formaction="/image/upload/"method="post"enctype="multipart/form-data">
<inputtype="file"name="upload" />
接收
- f = request.files.get('upload')
- img_data = f.read()
直接返回某个文件
- return send_file(settings.TEMPLATE_FOLDER + 'tweet/tweet_list.html')
请求重定向
文档(http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/api/#flask.redirect)
flask.redirect(location, code=302) the redirect status code. defaults to 302.Supported codes are 301, 302, 303, 305, and 307. 300 is not supported.
- @app.route('/')
- def hello():
- return redirect(url_for('foo'))
- @app.route('/foo')
- def foo():
- return 'Hello Foo!'
获取用户真实ip
从request.headers获取
- real_ip = request.headers.get('X-Real-Ip', request.remote_addr)
或者, 使用werkzeug的middleware 文档
- from werkzeug.contrib.fixers import ProxyFix
- app.wsgi_app = ProxyFix(app.wsgi_app)
return json & jsonp
- import json
- from flask import jsonify,Response,json
- data = []# or others
- return jsonify(ok=True,data=data)
- jsonp_callback = request.args.get('callback','')
- if jsonp_callback:
- return Response(
- "%s(%s);" % (jsonp_callback,json.dumps({'ok':True,'data':data})),
- mimetype="text/javascript"
- )
- return ok_jsonify(data)
配置读取方法
- # create our little application :)
- app = Flask(__name__)
- # Load default config and override config from an environment variable
- app.config.update(dict(
- DATABASE='/tmp/flaskr.db',
- DEBUG=True,
- SECRET_KEY='development key',
- USERNAME='admin',
- PASSWORD='default'
- ))
- app.config.from_envvar('FLASKR_SETTINGS',silent=True)
- ------------------
- # configuration
- DATABASE = '/tmp/minitwit.db'
- PER_PAGE = 30
- DEBUG = True
- SECRET_KEY = 'development key'
- # create our little application :)
- app = Flask(__name__)
- app.config.from_object(__name__)
- app.config.from_envvar('MINITWIT_SETTINGS',silent=True)
几个不常用的方法
- from flask import abort,flash
- abort
- if not session.get('logged_in'):
- abort(401)
- flash
- flash('New entry was successfully posted')
异步调用
想在flask的一个请求中处理异步, 除了使用消息系统, 可以用简单的线程处理
- from threading import Thread
- def async(f):
- def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
- thr = Thread(target=f,args=args,kwargs=kwargs)
- thr.start()
- return wrapper
- @async
- def dosomething(call_args):
- printcall_args
- inarequesthandler,call`dosomething`
error handler
- @app.errorhandler(404)
- def not_found_error(error):
- return render_template('404.html'),404
- @app.errorhandler(500)
- def internal_error(error):
- db.session.rollback()
- return render_template('500.html'),500
项目配置
1.直接
- app.config['HOST']='xxx.a.com'
- print app.config.get('HOST')
2.环境变量
- exportMyAppConfig=/path/to/settings.cfg
- app.config.from_envvar('MyAppConfig')
3.对象
- class Config(object):
- DEBUG = False
- TESTING = False
- DATABASE_URI = 'sqlite://:memory:'
- class ProductionConfig(Config):
- DATABASE_URI = 'mysql://user@localhost/foo'
- app.config.from_object(ProductionConfig)
- print app.config.get('DATABASE_URI')# mysql://user@localhost/foo
4.文件
- # default_config.py
- HOST = 'localhost'
- PORT = 5000
- DEBUG = True
- app.config.from_pyfile('default_config.py')
EG. 一个create_app方法
- from flask import Flask,g
- def create_app(debug=settings.DEBUG):
- app = Flask(__name__,
- template_folder=settings.TEMPLATE_FOLDER,
- static_folder=settings.STATIC_FOLDER)
- app.register_blueprint(bp_test)
- app.jinja_env.globals.update(JINJA2_GLOBALS)
- app.jinja_env.filters.update(JINJA2_FILTERS)
- app.secret_key = 'PO+_)(*&678OUIJKKO#%_!(((%)))'
- @app.before_request
- defbefore_request():
- g.xxx = ... #do some thing
- @app.teardown_request
- defteardown_request(exception):
- g.xxx = ... #do some thing
- returnapp
- app = create_app(settings.DEBUG)
- host=settings.SERVER_IP
- port=settings.SERVER_PORT
- app.run(host=host,port=port)