python常用随机函数及带权重随机实例

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import random

a = 1
b = 10
step = 3
seq = [-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, 0]
k = 2

# 0 <= n < 1.0
print 'random', random.random() 

# b <= n(float) <= a
print 'uniform', random.uniform(a, b)

# a <= n(int) <= b
print 'randint', random.randint(a, b)

# 从指定范围内，按指定基数递增的集合中，获取一个随机数
print 'randrange', random.randrange(a, b, step)

# 从序列中获取一个随机元素
print 'choice', random.choice(seq)

# 从指定序列中随机获取指定长度的片断
print 'sample', random.sample(seq, k)

# 将一个列表中的元素顺序打乱
random.shuffle(seq)
print 'shuffle', seq

# 带权重的随机
def __in_which_part(n, w):
	for i, v in enumerate(w):
		if n < v:
			return i
	return len(w) - 1

def weighting_choice(data, weightings):
	s = sum(weightings)
	w = [float(x)/s for x in weightings]

	t = 0
	for i, v in enumerate(w):
		t += v
		w[i] = t

	c = __in_which_part(random.random( ), w)
	try:
		return data[c]
	except IndexError:
		return data[-1]
		
print 'weighting_choice', weighting_choice(['a', 'b'], [10, 90])