ORION (Oracle I/O Calibration Tool) 是校准用于 Oracle 数据库的存储系统 I/O 性能的独立工具。校准结果对于了解存储系统的性能有很大帮助，不仅可以找出影响 Oracle 数据库性能的问题，还能测量新数据库安装的大小。由于 ORION 是一个独立工具，用户不需要创建和运行 Oracle 数据库。
为了尽可能地模拟 Oracle 数据库，ORION 使用和 Oracle 相同的 I/O 软件集生成一个合成的 I/O 负载。可以将 ORION 配置为生成很多 I/O 负载，包括一个模拟 OLTP 和数据仓库负载的 I/O 负载。
ORION 支持多种平台。将来还会增加对更多平台的支持。用户指南提供详细的使用文档，包括“入门”部分和疑难解答提示。在 ORION 中调用“-help”选项可以直接获取关于如何使用ORION 的摘要。
注意，Oracle 不对 ORION 提供支持。
Orion的下载地址为:
http://www.oracle.com/technology/global/cn/software/tech/orion/index.html
下载需要一个OTN的免费帐号。
先看一下orion的帮助：
C:/Users/Administrator.DavidDai>cd C:/Program Files (x86)/Oracle/Orion
C:/Program Files (x86)/Oracle/Orion>orion -help
ORION: ORacle IO Numbers -- Version 10.2.0.1.0
ORION runs IO performance tests that model Oracle RDBMS IO workloads.
It measures the performance of small (2-32K) IOs and large (128K+) IOs
at various load levels. Each Orion data point is done at a specific
mix of small and large IO loads sustained for a duration. Anywhere
from a single data point to a two-dimensional array of data points can
be tested by setting the right options.
An Orion test consists of data points at various small and large IO
load levels. These points can be represented as a two-dimensional
matrix: Each column in the matrix represents a fixed small IO load.
Each row represents a fixed large IO load. The first row is with no
large IO load and the first column is with no small IO load. An Orion
test can be a single point, a row, a column or the whole matrix.
Parameters 'run', 'testname', and 'num_disks' are mandatory. Defaults
are indicated for all other parameters. For additional information on
the user interface, see the Orion User Guide.
<testname>.lun should contain a carriage-return-separated list of LUNs
The output files for a test run are prefixed by <testname>_.
The output files are:
<testname>_summary.txt - Summary of the input parameters along with min. small
latency, max large MBPS and/or max. small IOPS.
<testname>_mbps.csv - Performance results of large IOs in MBPS
<testname>_iops.csv - Performance results of small IOs in IOPS
<testname>_lat.csv - Latency of small IOs
<testname>_tradeoff.csv - Shows large MBPS / small IOPS combinations that can
be achieved at certain small latencies
<testname>_trace.txt - Extended, unprocessed output
WARNING: IF YOU ARE PERFORMING WRITE TESTS, BE PREPARED TO LOSE ANY DATA STORED
ON THE LUNS.
Mandatory parameters:
run Type of workload to run (simple, normal, advanced)
simple - tests random 8K small IOs at various loads,
then random 1M large IOs at various loads.
normal - tests combinations of random 8K small
IOs and random 1M large IOs
advanced - run the workload specified by the user
using optional parameters
testname Name of the test run
num_disks Number of disks (physical spindles)
Optional parameters:
size_small Size of small IOs (in KB) - default 8
size_large Size of large IOs (in KB) - default 1024
type Type of large IOs (rand, seq) - default rand
rand - Random large IOs
seq - Sequential streams of large IOs
num_streamIO Number of concurrent IOs per stream (only if type is
seq) - default 4
simulate Orion tests on a virtual volume formed by combining the
provided volumes in one of these ways (default concat):
concat - A serial concatenation of the volumes
raid0 - A RAID-0 mapping across the volumes
write Percentage of writes (SEE WARNING ABOVE) - default 0
cache_size Size *IN MEGABYTES* of the array's cache.
Unless this option is set to 0, Orion does a number
of (unmeasured) random IO before each large sequential
data point. This is done in order to fill up the array
cache with random data. This way, the blocks from one
data point do not result in cache hits for the next
data point. Read tests are preceded with junk reads
and write tests are preceded with junk writes. If
specified, this 'cache warming' is done until
cache_size worth of IO has been read or written.
Default behavior: fill up cache for 2 minutes before
each data point.
duration Duration of each data point (in seconds) - default 60
num_small Number of outstanding small IOs (only if matrix is
point, col, or max) - no default
num_large For random, number of outstanding large IOs.
For sequential, number of streams (only if matrix is
point, row, or max) - no default
matrix An Orion test consists of data points at various small
and large IO load levels. These points can be
represented as a two-dimensional matrix: Each column
in the matrix represents a fixed small IO load. Each
row represents a fixed large IO load. The first row
is with no large IO load and the first column is with
no small IO load. An Orion test can be a single point,
a row, a column or the whole matrix, depending on the
matrix option setting below (default basic):
basic - test the first row and the first column
detailed - test the entire matrix
point - test at load level num_small, num_large
col - varying large IO load with num_small small IOs
row - varying small IO load with num_large large IOs
max - test varying loads up to num_small, num_large
verbose Prints tracing information to standard output if set.
Default -- not set
Examples
For a preliminary set of data
-run simple -testname <name> -num_disks <#>
For a basic set of data
-run normal -testname <name> -num_disks <#>
To generate combinations of 32KB and 1MB reads to random locations:
-run advanced -testname <name> -num_disks <#>
-size_small 32 -size_large 1024 -type rand -matrix detailed
To generate multiple sequential 1MB write streams, simulating 1MB RAID0 stripes
-run advanced -testname <name> -num_disks <#>
-simulate RAID0 -stripe 1024 -write 100 -type seq
-matrix col -num_small 0
C:/Program Files (x86)/Oracle/Orion>
该软件的优势：
1、不需要运行load runner以及配置大量的clinet
2、不需要运行oracle数据库，以及准备大量的测试数据
3、测试结果更具有代表性，如随机IO测试中，该软件可以让存储的命中率接近为0，而更仿真出了磁盘的真实的IOPS，而load runner很难做到这些，最终的磁盘IOPS需要换算得到。
4、可以根据需要定制一定比例的写操作（默认没有写操作），但是需要注意，如果磁盘上有数据，需要小心数据被覆盖掉。
当然，也有其缺点
1、到现在为止，无法指定自定义的总体的运行时间以及加压的幅度，这里完全是自动的
2、无法进行一些自定义的操作类型，如表的扫描操作，装载测试等等，不过可以与oracle数据库结合起来达到这个效果
Windows 下使用方法：
1. 在Orion的安装目录下新建dave.lun 文件，在里面添加要测试的分区，比如：
这里我们要对D盘进行测试。
2. 执行orion命令。 Orion有三个不同的等级，simple，normal，advance. 这个根据自己的需求来进行设置。 如：
C:/Program Files (x86)/Oracle/Orion>orion -run simple -testname dave -num_disks 1
ORION: ORacle IO Numbers -- Version 10.2.0.1.0
Test will take approximately 9 minutes
Larger caches may take longer
这里的testname 写我们之前配置的lun文件的名称， num_disks 是磁盘的数量。
3. 查看结果
在orion的安装目录下，会生成几个文件：dave_iops.csv；dave_lat.csv；dave_mbps.csv; dave_summary.txt 和dave_trace.txt 文件。 我们可以看一下summary的内容。
ORION VERSION 10.2.0.1.0
Commandline:
-run simple -testname dave -num_disks 1
This maps to this test:
Test: dave
Small IO size: 8 KB
Large IO size: 1024 KB
IO Types: Small Random IOs, Large Random IOs
Simulated Array Type: CONCAT
Write: 0%
Cache Size: Not Entered
Duration for each Data Point: 60 seconds
Small Columns:, 0
Large Columns:, 0, 1, 2
Total Data Points: 8
Name: //./D: Size: 1784847360
1 FILEs found.
Maximum Large MBPS=32.83 @ Small=0 and Large=1
Maximum Small IOPS=74 @ Small=2 and Large=0
Minimum Small Latency=13.53 @ Small=1 and Large=0
因为其测试结果是csv文件，所以可以很方便的根据结果在excle中绘制压力曲线。
Linux 下使用方法：
1． 和windows下的一致。 首先是配置dave.lun 文件。如：
/dev/sdc1
/dev/sdd1
/dev/sde1
/dev/sdf1
2. 执行orion命令：
orion -run simple -testname dave -num_disks 4
3. 查看结果。
网上看到的其他几个测试命令：
1、数据库OLTP类型，假定IO类型全部是8K随机操作，压力类型，自动加压，从小到大，一直到存储压力极限
#./orion -run advanced -testname dave -num_disks 1 -size_small 8 -size_large 8 -type rand &
2、数据库吞吐量测试，假定IO全部是1M的序列性IO
#./orion -run advanced -testname mytest -num_disks 96 -size_small 1024 -size_large 1024 -type seq &
3、指定特定的IO类型与IO压力，如指定小IO为压力500的时候，不同大IO下的压力情况
#./orion -run advanced -testname mytest -num_disks 96 -size_small 8 -size_large 128 -matrix col -num_small 500 -type rand &
4、结合不同的IO类型，测试压力矩阵
#./orion -run advanced -testname mytest -num_disks 96 -size_small 8 -size_large 128 -matrix detailed -type rand &
整理自网络
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