【HDU3555】数位Dp1~n之间出现特征数字个数

Bomb

Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 131072/65536 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 7279    Accepted Submission(s): 2541

Problem Description

The counter-terrorists found a time bomb in the dust. But this time the terrorists improve on the time bomb. The number sequence of the time bomb counts from 1 to N. If the current number sequence includes the sub-sequence "49", the power of the blast would add one point.
Now the counter-terrorist knows the number N. They want to know the final points of the power. Can you help them?

 

Input

The first line of input consists of an integer T (1 <= T <= 10000), indicating the number of test cases. For each test case, there will be an integer N (1 <= N <= 2^63-1) as the description.

The input terminates by end of file marker.

 

Output

For each test case, output an integer indicating the final points of the power.

 

Sample Input

  
  

   
   3
1
50
500
  
  

 

Sample Output

  
  

   
   0
1
15


   
   

    
    

     
     Hint
    
    
From 1 to 500, the numbers that include the sub-sequence "49" are "49","149","249","349","449","490","491","492","493","494","495","496","497","498","499",
so the answer is 15.
   
   
   
    
  
  

 

Author

fatboy_cw@WHU

 

Source

2010 ACM-ICPC Multi-University Training Contest（12）——Host by WHU

转自： http://blog.csdn.net/winkloud/article/details/7866520

做的第一道数位DP啊！开始在找规律，搜索，做了很久终于找到了规律，上网一查发现原来这样的叫数位DP。。

找到的规律就是这个样子了。有了规律就很好做了。dp[i][0]=dp[i-1][0]*10-dp[i-1][1];是因为要减去49XXX的情况。

题意就是找0到n有多少个数中含有49。数据范围接近10^20

DP的状态是2维的dp[len][3]
dp[len][0] 代表长度为len不含49的方案数
dp[len][1] 代表长度为len不含49但是以9开头的数字的方案数
dp[len][2] 代表长度为len含有49的方案数

状态转移如下
dp[i][0] = dp[i-1][0] * 10 - dp[i-1][1];  // not include 49  如果不含49且，在前面可以填上0-9 但是要减去dp[i-1][1] 因为4会和9构成49
dp[i][1] = dp[i-1][0];  // not include 49 but starts with 9  这个直接在不含49的数上填个9就行了
dp[i][2] = dp[i-1][2] * 10 + dp[i-1][1]; // include 49  已经含有49的数可以填0-9，或者9开头的填4

接着就是从高位开始统计

在统计到某一位的时候，加上 dp[i-1][2] * digit[i] 是显然对的，因为这一位可以填 0 - (digit[i]-1)
若这一位之前挨着49，那么加上 dp[i-1][0] * digit[i] 也是显然对的。
若这一位之前没有挨着49，但是digit[i]比4大，那么当这一位填4的时候，就得加上dp[i-1][1]

//Time:15MS	
//Memory:488K
#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
long long dp[20][3];
int num[20];
int main()
{
    memset(dp,0,sizeof(dp));
    dp[0][0] = 1;
    for(int i = 1;i<= 20;i++){
        dp[i][0]=dp[i-1][0]*10-dp[i-1][1]; //dp[i][0] 表示i位数字中不含49的数字的个数
        dp[i][1]=dp[i-1][0];               //dp[i][1] 表示i位数字中以9开头的数字的个数
        dp[i][2]=dp[i-1][2]*10+dp[i-1][1];//dp[i][2] 表示i位数字中含有49的数字的个数
    }
    int t;
    scanf("%d",&t);
    while(t--)
	{
        int len = 0,last = 0;
        long long ans = 0;
        long long n = 0;
        scanf("%I64d",&n);
        n++;
        memset(num,0,sizeof(num));
        while(n){
            num[++len]=n%10;
            n/=10;
        }
        bool flag=false;
        for(int i=len;i>=1;i--)
		{
            ans+=dp[i-1][2]*num[i];
            if(flag)
			{
                ans+=dp[i-1][0]*num[i];
            }
            if(!flag && num[i]>4)
			{
                ans+=dp[i-1][1];
            }
            if(last==4 && num[i]==9)
			{
                flag=true;
            }
            last=num[i];
        }
        printf("%I64d\n",ans);
    }
}