adler校验算法

Adler-32校验算法

Adler-32是Mark Adler发明的校验和算法，和32位CRC校验算法一样，都是保护数据防止意外更改的算法，但是这个算法较容易被伪造，所以是不安全的保护措施。但是比CRC好点的是，它计算的很快。这个算法那是从Fletcher校验和算法中修改过来的，原始的算法形式略快，但是可依赖性并不高。

Adler-32的一种滚动哈希版本被用在了rsync工具中

Adler-32通过求解两个16位的数值A、B实现，并将结果连结成一个32位整数.

A就是字符串中每个字节的和，而B是A在相加时每一步的阶段值之和。在Adler-32开始运行时，A初始化为1，B初始化为0，最后的校验和要模上65521(继216之后的最小素数)。

其实Zlib源码里面也有实现。

/* adler32.c -- compute the Adler-32 checksum of a data stream
 * Copyright (C) 1995-2011 Mark Adler
 * For conditions of distribution and use, see copyright notice in zlib.h
 */

/* @(#) $Id$ */

#include "zutil.h"

#define local static

local uLong adler32_combine_ OF((uLong adler1, uLong adler2, z_off64_t len2));

#define BASE 65521      /* largest prime smaller than 65536 */
#define NMAX 5552
/* NMAX is the largest n such that 255n(n+1)/2 + (n+1)(BASE-1) <= 2^32-1 */

#define DO1(buf,i)  {adler += (buf)[i]; sum2 += adler;}
#define DO2(buf,i)  DO1(buf,i); DO1(buf,i+1);
#define DO4(buf,i)  DO2(buf,i); DO2(buf,i+2);
#define DO8(buf,i)  DO4(buf,i); DO4(buf,i+4);
#define DO16(buf)   DO8(buf,0); DO8(buf,8);

/* use NO_DIVIDE if your processor does not do division in hardware --
   try it both ways to see which is faster */
#ifdef NO_DIVIDE
/* note that this assumes BASE is 65521, where 65536 % 65521 == 15
   (thank you to John Reiser for pointing this out) */
#  define CHOP(a) \
    do { \
        unsigned long tmp = a >> 16; \
        a &= 0xffffUL; \
        a += (tmp << 4) - tmp; \
    } while (0)
#  define MOD28(a) \
    do { \
        CHOP(a); \
        if (a >= BASE) a -= BASE; \
    } while (0)
#  define MOD(a) \
    do { \
        CHOP(a); \
        MOD28(a); \
    } while (0)
#  define MOD63(a) \
    do { /* this assumes a is not negative */ \
        z_off64_t tmp = a >> 32; \
        a &= 0xffffffffL; \
        a += (tmp << 8) - (tmp << 5) + tmp; \
        tmp = a >> 16; \
        a &= 0xffffL; \
        a += (tmp << 4) - tmp; \
        tmp = a >> 16; \
        a &= 0xffffL; \
        a += (tmp << 4) - tmp; \
        if (a >= BASE) a -= BASE; \
    } while (0)
#else
#  define MOD(a) a %= BASE
#  define MOD28(a) a %= BASE
#  define MOD63(a) a %= BASE
#endif

/* ========================================================================= */
uLong ZEXPORT adler32(adler, buf, len)
    uLong adler;
    const Bytef *buf;
    uInt len;
{
    unsigned long sum2;
    unsigned n;

    /* split Adler-32 into component sums */
    sum2 = (adler >> 16) & 0xffff;
    adler &= 0xffff;

    /* in case user likes doing a byte at a time, keep it fast */
    if (len == 1) {
        adler += buf[0];
        if (adler >= BASE)
            adler -= BASE;
        sum2 += adler;
        if (sum2 >= BASE)
            sum2 -= BASE;
        return adler | (sum2 << 16);
    }

    /* initial Adler-32 value (deferred check for len == 1 speed) */
    if (buf == Z_NULL)
        return 1L;

    /* in case short lengths are provided, keep it somewhat fast */
    if (len < 16) {
        while (len--) {
            adler += *buf++;
            sum2 += adler;
        }
        if (adler >= BASE)
            adler -= BASE;
        MOD28(sum2);            /* only added so many BASE's */
        return adler | (sum2 << 16);
    }

    /* do length NMAX blocks -- requires just one modulo operation */
    while (len >= NMAX) {
        len -= NMAX;
        n = NMAX / 16;          /* NMAX is divisible by 16 */
        do {
            DO16(buf);          /* 16 sums unrolled */
            buf += 16;
        } while (--n);
        MOD(adler);
        MOD(sum2);
    }

    /* do remaining bytes (less than NMAX, still just one modulo) */
    if (len) {                  /* avoid modulos if none remaining */
        while (len >= 16) {
            len -= 16;
            DO16(buf);
            buf += 16;
        }
        while (len--) {
            adler += *buf++;
            sum2 += adler;
        }
        MOD(adler);
        MOD(sum2);
    }

    /* return recombined sums */
    return adler | (sum2 << 16);
}

/* ========================================================================= */
local uLong adler32_combine_(adler1, adler2, len2)
    uLong adler1;
    uLong adler2;
    z_off64_t len2;
{
    unsigned long sum1;
    unsigned long sum2;
    unsigned rem;

    /* for negative len, return invalid adler32 as a clue for debugging */
    if (len2 < 0)
        return 0xffffffffUL;

    /* the derivation of this formula is left as an exercise for the reader */
    MOD63(len2);                /* assumes len2 >= 0 */
    rem = (unsigned)len2;
    sum1 = adler1 & 0xffff;
    sum2 = rem * sum1;
    MOD(sum2);
    sum1 += (adler2 & 0xffff) + BASE - 1;
    sum2 += ((adler1 >> 16) & 0xffff) + ((adler2 >> 16) & 0xffff) + BASE - rem;
    if (sum1 >= BASE) sum1 -= BASE;
    if (sum1 >= BASE) sum1 -= BASE;
    if (sum2 >= (BASE << 1)) sum2 -= (BASE << 1);
    if (sum2 >= BASE) sum2 -= BASE;
    return sum1 | (sum2 << 16);
}

/* ========================================================================= */
uLong ZEXPORT adler32_combine(adler1, adler2, len2)
    uLong adler1;
    uLong adler2;
    z_off_t len2;
{
    return adler32_combine_(adler1, adler2, len2);
}

uLong ZEXPORT adler32_combine64(adler1, adler2, len2)
    uLong adler1;
    uLong adler2;
    z_off64_t len2;
{
    return adler32_combine_(adler1, adler2, len2);
}

简单的实现：

#define BASE 65521      /* largest prime smaller than 65536 */
#define NMAX 5552

//adler32 校验
int32 adler32(int32 adler, const byte *buf, int32 len);

int32 adler32( int32 adler, const byte *buf, int32 len )
{
unsigned long uladler = (unsigned long)adler;
unsigned long s1 = uladler & 0xffff;
unsigned long s2 = (uladler >> 16) & 0xffff;


int i;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++) 
{
s1 = (s1 + buf[i]) % BASE;
s2 = (s2 + s1) % BASE;
}
return (s2 << 16) + s1;
}