浅谈java里的clone

1.java里的clone分为： 
A:浅复制（浅克隆）: 浅复制仅仅复制所考虑的对象，而不复制它所引用的对象。 
b:深复制（深克隆）：深复制把要复制的对象所引用的对象都复制了一遍。 
Java中对象的克隆,为了获取对象的一份拷贝，我们可以利用Object类的clone()方法。必须要遵循下面三点 
1.在派生类中覆盖基类的clone()方法，并声明为public【Object类中的clone()方法为protected的】。 
2.在派生类的clone()方法中，调用super.clone()。 
3.在派生类中实现Cloneable接口。 


Object类里的clone方法是浅复制（浅克隆） 


浅复制（浅克隆）的例子如下： 


Java代码  
package com.test;  
  
//浅复制（浅克隆）: 浅复制仅仅复制所考虑的对象，而不复制它所引用的对象。  
//深复制（深克隆）：深复制把要复制的对象所引用的对象都复制了一遍。  
//  
//Java中对象的克隆,为了获取对象的一份拷贝，我们可以利用Object类的clone()方法。必须要遵循下面三点  
//1.在派生类中覆盖基类的clone()方法，并声明为public【Object类中的clone()方法为protected的】。  
//2.在派生类的clone()方法中，调用super.clone()。  
//3.在派生类中实现Cloneable接口。  
  

public class CloneTest {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{  
        //teacher对象将被clone出来的Student对象共享.  
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher();  
        teacher.setAge(40);  
        teacher.setName("Teacher zhang");  
          
        Student student1 = new Student();  
        student1.setAge(20);  
        student1.setName("zhangsan");  
        student1.setTeacher(teacher);  
          
        //复制出来一个对象student2  
        Student student2 = (Student)student1.clone();  
        System.out.println(student2.getAge());  
        System.out.println(student2.getName());  
          
          
        System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");  
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getAge());  
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getName());  
          
          
        //修改student2的引用对象  
        student2.getTeacher().setAge(50);  
        student2.getTeacher().setName("Teacher Li");  
          
        System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");  
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getAge());  
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getName());  
    }  
}  
  
class Teacher {  
    public int age;  
    public String name;  
      
    public int getAge() {  
        return age;  
    }  
    public void setAge(int age) {  
        this.age = age;  
    }  
    public String getName() {  
        return name;  
    }  
    public void setName(String name) {  
        this.name = name;  
    }  
      
      
}  
  
class Student implements Cloneable{  
      
    public int age ;  
    public String name;  
    public Teacher teacher;  
    public int getAge() {  
        return age;  
    }  
    public void setAge(int age) {  
        this.age = age;  
    }  
    public String getName() {  
        return name;  
    }  
    public void setName(String name) {  
        this.name = name;  
    }  
    public Teacher getTeacher() {  
        return teacher;  
    }  
    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {  
        this.teacher = teacher;  
    }  
    @Override  
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {  
        return super.clone();  
    }  
      
      
}  

输出结果为：  
20  
zhangsan  
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  
40  
Teacher zhang  
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  
50  
Teacher Li  




2.深复制（深Clone）例子： 


Java代码  

package com.test1;  
  
//深clone  
public class DeepCloneTest {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{  
        //teacher对象将不被clone出来的Student对象共享.  
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher();  
        teacher.setAge(40);  
        teacher.setName("Teacher zhang");  
          
        Student student1 = new Student();  
        student1.setAge(20);  
        student1.setName("zhangsan");  
        student1.setTeacher(teacher);  
          
        //复制出来一个对象student2  
        Student student2 = (Student)student1.clone();  
        System.out.println(student2.getAge());  
        System.out.println(student2.getName());  
          
          
        System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");  
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getAge());  
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getName());  
          
          
        //修改student2的引用对象  
        student2.getTeacher().setAge(50);  
        student2.getTeacher().setName("Teacher Li");  
          
        System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");  
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getAge());  
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getName());  
    }  
}  
  
class Teacher implements Cloneable{  
    public int age;  
    public String name;  
      
    public int getAge() {  
        return age;  
    }  
    public void setAge(int age) {  
        this.age = age;  
    }  
    public String getName() {  
        return name;  
    }  
    public void setName(String name) {  
        this.name = name;  
    }  
    @Override  
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {  
        return super.clone();  
    }  
      
}  
  
class Student implements Cloneable{  
      
    public int age ;  
    public String name;  
    public Teacher teacher;  
    public int getAge() {  
        return age;  
    }  
    public void setAge(int age) {  
        this.age = age;  
    }  
    public String getName() {  
        return name;  
    }  
    public void setName(String name) {  
        this.name = name;  
    }  
    public Teacher getTeacher() {  
        return teacher;  
    }  
    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {  
        this.teacher = teacher;  
    }  
    @Override  
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {  
        Student student = (Student)super.clone();  
        //将引用的对象teacher也clone下  
        student.setTeacher((Teacher)(student.getTeacher().clone()));  
        return student;  
    }  
      
      
}  

输出结果为：  
20  
zhangsan  
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  
40  
Teacher zhang  
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  
40  
Teacher zhang  




3.利用序列化来做深复制,把对象写到流里的过程是序列化（Serilization）过程，而把对象从流中读出来的过程则叫做反序列化（Deserialization）过程。应当指出的是，写在流里的是对象的一个拷贝，而原对象仍然存在于JVM里面。，利用这个特性，可以做深拷贝 
Java代码  

package com.test3;  
  
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;  
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;  
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;  
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;  
import java.io.Serializable;  
//利用序列化来做深复制  
//深clone  
public class DeepCloneTest {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{  
        //teacher对象将不被clone出来的Student对象共享.  
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher();  
        teacher.setAge(40);  
        teacher.setName("Teacher zhang");  
          
        Student student1 = new Student();  
        student1.setAge(20);  
        student1.setName("zhangsan");  
        student1.setTeacher(teacher);  
          
        //复制出来一个对象student2  
        Student student2 = (Student)student1.deepCopy();  
        System.out.println(student2.getAge());  
        System.out.println(student2.getName());  
          
          
        System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");  
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getAge());  
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getName());  
          
          
        //修改student2的引用对象  
        student2.getTeacher().setAge(50);  
        student2.getTeacher().setName("Teacher Li");  
          
        System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");  
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getAge());  
        System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getName());  
    }  
}  
  
class Teacher implements Serializable{  
      
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -8834559347461591191L;  
      
    public int age;  
    public String name;  
      
    public int getAge() {  
        return age;  
    }  
    public void setAge(int age) {  
        this.age = age;  
    }  
    public String getName() {  
        return name;  
    }  
    public void setName(String name) {  
        this.name = name;  
    }  
      
}  
  
class Student implements Serializable{  
      
    //serialVersionUID 如果你的对象序列化后存到硬盘上面后，可是后来你却更改了类的field(增加或减少或改名)，当你反序列化时，就会出现Exception的，这样就会造成不兼容性的问题。   
    //但当serialVersionUID相同时，它就会将不一样的field以type的缺省值赋值(如int型的是0,String型的是null等)，这个可以避开不兼容性的问题。所以最好给serialVersionUID赋值  
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 7991552226614088458L;  
      
    public int age ;  
    public String name;  
    public Teacher teacher;  
    public int getAge() {  
        return age;  
    }  
    public void setAge(int age) {  
        this.age = age;  
    }  
    public String getName() {  
        return name;  
    }  
    public void setName(String name) {  
        this.name = name;  
    }  
    public Teacher getTeacher() {  
        return teacher;  
    }  
    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {  
        this.teacher = teacher;  
    }  
      
    public Object deepCopy() throws Exception{  
        //将该对象序列化成流,因为写在流里的是对象的一个拷贝，而原对象仍然存在于JVM里面。所以利用这个特性可以实现对象的深拷贝  
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();  
  
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);  
  
        oos.writeObject(this);  
  
        //将流序列化成对象  
        ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());  
  
        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);  
  
        return ois.readObject();  
    }  
      
      
}  

输出结果为：  
20  
zhangsan  
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  
40  
Teacher zhang  
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  
40  
Teacher zhang