TCP通信:
Socket --相当于“虚拟链路两端的插座”。Socket负责完成通信。
ServerSocket --它只负责“接收”连接。它用于产生Socket。
服务器端编程:
1) 创建ServerSocket 对象,该对象负责“接收”连接。
2) 如果客户端有连接,ServerSocket 对象调用accept()方法返回一个Socket。
3) 通过IO流读取对方的信息,也可向对方发送数据。
客户端编程:
1) new Socket()来建立与远程服务器的连接。
2) 通过IO流读取对方的信息,也可向对方发送数据。
举列说明1(简单通信):
- /**
- * @author lhy
- * @description 服务器端
- */
- public class ServerTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- PrintStream ps = null;
- try {
- // ServerSocket只负责“接收”连接,20000为端口号(标识该应用程序)
- ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(20000);
- System.out.println("服务器端等待连接...");
- // 接收连接,它会阻塞线程
- Socket socket = ss.accept();
- // ----------------------下面统一面向IO编程--------------------------//
- ps = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
- ps.println("ServerTest你好");
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- ps.close();
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * @author lhy
- * @description 客户端
- */
- public class ClientTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- BufferedReader br = null;
- try {
- Socket socket = new Socket("192.168.0.8", 20000);
- // ----------------------下面统一面向IO编程--------------------------//
- br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket
- .getInputStream()));
- String line = null;
- while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
- System.out.println(line);
- }
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- try {
- br.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
举列说明2(控制台多人聊天):
服务器端:
- public class ServerTest {
- static Set<Socket> clients = Collections
- .synchronizedSet(new HashSet<Socket>());
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ServerSocket ss = null;
- try {
- ss = new ServerSocket(20000);
- System.out.println("服务器端等待连接...");
- while (true) {
- // 接收连接,它会阻塞线程
- Socket socket = ss.accept();
- clients.add(socket);
- // 启动线程
- new ServerThread(socket).start();
- }
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- try {
- ss.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
- // 单独封装一个线程类
- class ServerThread extends Thread {
- private Socket socket;
- public ServerThread(Socket socket) {
- this.socket = socket;
- }
- @Override
- public void run() {
- BufferedReader br = null;
- try {
- while (true) {
- // ----------------------下面统一面向IO编程--------------------------//
- br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket
- .getInputStream()));
- String line = null;
- while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
- for (Socket s : ServerTest.clients) {
- PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(s.getOutputStream());
- ps.println(line);// 输出各个客户端对应的Socket
- }
- }
- }
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- try {
- br.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
客户端:
- public class ChatServer {
- // 定义一个线程安全的Set集合
- public static Set<Socket> clients = Collections
- .synchronizedSet(new HashSet<Socket>());
- public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
- // ServerSocket只负责“接受”连接,不能通信
- // 该服务器程序就在30002端口监听
- ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(20000);
- System.out.println("服务器等待连接...");
- while (true) { // 这样保证每个客户端有一条线程
- // 接受连接。它会阻塞线程
- Socket socket = ss.accept();// 只要连接成功,它会返回socket
- clients.add(socket);// 每次客户端连接进来,就将该客户端添加到clients集合中
- System.out.println("当前用户数量:" + clients.size());
- new ServerThread(socket).start();
- }
- }
- }
- class ServerThread extends Thread {
- private Socket socket;
- public ServerThread(Socket socket) {
- this.socket = socket;
- }
- @Override
- public void run() {
- // -----原來读文件,现在改为读网络,只要改节点
- try {
- BufferedReader socketBr = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
- socket.getInputStream()));
- String line = null;// line代表从网络中读取数据
- while ((line = socketBr.readLine()) != null) {
- for (Iterator<Socket> it = ChatServer.clients.iterator(); it
- .hasNext();) {
- Socket s = it.next();
- try {
- PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(s.getOutputStream());
- ps.println(line);// 输出到各客户端对应的socket
- } catch (SocketException ex) {
- it.remove();// 捕获到该socket的异常,即表明Socket已经断开
- System.out.println("当前用户数量:" + ChatServer.clients.size());
- // ex.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- } catch (SocketException se) {
- ChatServer.clients.remove(socket);
- System.out.println("当前用户数量:" + ChatServer.clients.size());
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
小结:
System.in :读取键盘输入。包装方法:BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
socket.getInputStream():读取网络。包装方法:BufferedReadersocketBr = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
socket.getOutputStream():写入(输出到)网络。包装方法:PrintStream socketOut = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
System.out:输出到屏幕。
下面以之前IO讲的一张图来结束: