SRM 596 D2 L3：SparseFactorialDiv2，math

题目：http://community.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=12838&rd=15708

参考：http://apps.topcoder.com/wiki/display/tc/SRM+596

F(n) = 0 mod m 等同于 n mod m - k*k mod m = 0. n mod m 只能取 [0, m-1]，用 m 个loop，只需考虑k。

代码：

#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <numeric>
#include <utility>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <iomanip>

#include <bitset>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <stack>
#include <deque>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <map>

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cctype>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>
#include <climits>


using namespace std;


#define CHECKTIME() printf("%.2lf\n", (double)clock() / CLOCKS_PER_SEC)

/*************** Program Begin **********************/
//long long bestK[1000];
class SparseFactorialDiv2 {
public:
	// 计算 [0, uppderbound] 区间内，模divisor值为 d 的数的个数。
	long long getC(long long upperbound, long long divisor, long long d)
	{
		if (upperbound % divisor >= d) {
			return upperbound / divisor + 1;
		} else {
			return upperbound / divisor;
		}
	}

	// 计算 区间 [0, upperbound] 内，F(n) % divisor == 0 的数的个数。
	long long calc(long long uppperbound, long long divisor)
	{
		long long res = 0;
		vector <long long> bestK(divisor, -1);
		for (long long k = 0; k * k < uppperbound; k++) {
			// 找的最小的k, 使 k * k % divisor == d
			if (bestK[ (k * k) % divisor ] == -1) {
				bestK[ (k * k) % divisor ] = k;
			}
		}
		for (int d = 0; d < divisor; d++) {
			if (bestK[d] == -1) {
				continue;
			}
			res += ( getC(uppperbound, divisor, d) - getC(bestK[d] * bestK[d], divisor, d) );
		}
		return res;
	}

	long long getCount(long long lo, long long hi, long long divisor) {


		return calc(hi, divisor) - calc(lo - 1, divisor);
	}

};

/************** Program End ************************/