Android中的UI线程:当一个程序第一次启动时,Android会同时启动一个对应的主线程(Main Thread),主线程主要负责处理与UI相关的事件,如用户的按键事件,用户接触屏幕的事件以及屏幕绘图事件,并把相关的事件分发到对应的组件进行处理。所以主线程通常又被叫做UI线程。当App做一些比较重(intensive)的工作的时候,除非你合理地实现,否则单线程模型的performance会很poor。特别的是,如果所有的工作都在UI线程,做一些比较耗时的工作比如访问网络或者数据库查询,都会阻塞UI线程,导致事件停止分发(包括绘制事件)。对于用户来说,应用看起来像是卡住了,更坏的情况是,如果UI线程blocked的时间太长(大约超过5秒),用户就会看到ANR(application not responding)的对话框。在开发Android应用时必须遵守单线程模型的原则: Android UI操作并不是线程安全的并且这些操作必须在UI线程中执行。(转)
http://android.blog.51cto.com/268543/343823/
http://blog.csdn.net/mylzc/article/details/6736988
上面两篇BLOG都写的非常好,参照上面两个BLOG自己动手实践了一下,整理:
1.Handler+message+Looper+Thread实现异步处理:
private final Handler handler=new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()){
public void handleMessage(Message msg){
switch(msg.what){
case MESSAGE_SUCCESS:
myImageView.setImageBitmap((Bitmap)msg.obj);
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "成功",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
break;
case MESSAGE_ERROR:
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "失败", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
break;
}
}
};
Runnable runable=new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
try {
Log.v("Status", "加载中");
URL url=new URL("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif");
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setReadTimeout(3000);
int code = conn.getResponseCode();
Log.v("CODE", code+"");
if (code == 200) {
final Bitmap bm = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(conn.getInputStream());// 转化为图片
handler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_SUCCESS,bm).sendToTarget();//获取图片成功,向ui线程发送MSG_SUCCESS标识和bitmap对象
}
Log.v("Status", "加载完成");
} catch (MalformedURLException e1) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e1.printStackTrace();
//handler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_ERROR).sendToTarget();//获取图片失败
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
//handler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_ERROR).sendToTarget();//获取图片失败
}
}
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
myButton=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
myImageView=(ImageView)findViewById(R.id.imageView1);
myProgressBar=(ProgressBar)findViewById(R.id.progressBar1);
myButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(myThread==null){
myThread=new Thread(runable);
myThread.start();
}else{
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "正在加载",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
});
}
2.Android框架为每个应用的主线程创建了一个隐式的handler,使用post方法的原理就是给这个隐式的handler发送一个Runnable对象,然后隐式的handler会在ui线程执行Runnable对象的run()方法。
Runnable runable=new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
try {
Log.v("Status", "加载中");
URL url=new URL("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif");
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setReadTimeout(3000);
int code = conn.getResponseCode();
Log.v("CODE", code+"");
if (code == 200) {
final Bitmap bm = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(conn.getInputStream());// 转化为图片
myImageView.post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
myImageView.setImageBitmap(bm);
}
});
}
Log.v("Status", "加载完成");
} catch (MalformedURLException e1) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e1.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
myButton=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
myImageView=(ImageView)findViewById(R.id.imageView1);
myProgressBar=(ProgressBar)findViewById(R.id.progressBar1);
myButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(myThread==null){
myThread=new Thread(runable);
myThread.start();
}else{
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "正在加载",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
});
}
3.AsyncTask实现异步:
class downloadImageTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, Bitmap>{
@Override
protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... params) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
URL url;
try {
url = new URL(params[0]);
HttpURLConnection conn;
conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setReadTimeout(3000);
publishProgress(40);
int code = conn.getResponseCode();
Log.v("CODE", code+"");
if (code == 200) {
Bitmap bm = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(conn.getInputStream());// 转化为图片
publishProgress(100);
return bm;
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
myProgressBar.setProgress(0);
}
@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values){
myProgressBar.setProgress(values[0]);
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap result){
if(result!=null){
myImageView.setImageBitmap(result);
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "成功",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}else{
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "失败",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
@Override
protected void onCancelled(){
myProgressBar.setProgress(0);
}
}
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
myButton=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
myImageView=(ImageView)findViewById(R.id.imageView1);
myProgressBar=(ProgressBar)findViewById(R.id.progressBar1);
myButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
downloadImageTask myTask=new downloadImageTask();
myTask.execute("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif");
}
});
}
注:java中,实例化Handler有两种方法:第一是写一个你自己的类例如myHandler,继承Handler,重写handleMessage方法。第二种是使用内部匿名类,例如:Handler handler=new Handler(){ public void handleMessage(Message msg){}}.