探索C++17的并发新特性

本文介绍了C++17中的并发新特性,包括并行算法如std::for_each和std::transform的并行版本,std::future和std::promise的改进,以及std::async的deferred启动策略。这些新特性使并行编程更加便捷,提升多核处理器的计算效率。
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在现代计算机系统中,多核处理器已经变得非常普遍。为了充分利用多核处理器的计算能力,我们需要将程序的执行过程并行化,即同时执行多个任务。C++17为我们提供了一些新的并发特性,使得并行化变得更加容易。在本文中,我们将探讨C++17的并发新特性。

并行算法

C++17引入了一组新的并行算法,这些算法是STL算法库的并行版本。这些并行算法包括std::for_each, std::transform, std::reduce等。这些算法接受一个执行策略,可以是顺序执行(std::execution::seq),并行执行(std::execution::par)或并行向量化执行(std::execution::par_unseq)。

以下是一个使用std::for_each并行算法的例子:

#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <execution>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> v(1000000, 1);

    std::for_each(std::execution::par, v.begin(), v.end(), [](int& n) { n *= 2; });

    return 0;
}
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C++ 并发 C++11 C++17 I encountered the concept of multithreaded code while working at my first job after I left college. We were writing a data processing application that had to populate a database with incoming data records. There was a lot of data, but each record was independent and required a reasonable amount of processing before it could be inserted into the database. To take full advantage of the power of our 10-CPU UltraSPARC, we ran the code in multiple threads, each thread processing its own set of incoming records. We wrote the code in C++, using POSIX threads, and made a fair number of mistakes—multithreading was new to all of us—but we got there in the end. It was also while working on this project that I first became aware of the C++ Standards Committee and the freshly published C++ Standard. I have had a keen interest in multithreading and concurrency ever since. Where others saw it as difficult, complex, and a source of problems, I saw it as a powerful tool that could enable your code to take advantage of the available hardware to run faster. Later on I would learn how it could be used to improve the responsiveness and performance of applications even on single-core hardware, by using multiple threads to hide the latency of time-consuming operations such as I/O. I also learned how it worked at the OS level and how Intel CPUs handled task switching. Meanwhile, my interest in C++ brought me in contact with the ACCU and then the C++ Standards panel at BSI, as well as Boost. I followed the initial development of the Boost Thread Library with interest, and when it was abandoned by the original developer, I jumped at the chance to get involved. I have been the primary developer and maintainer of the Boost Thread Library ever since.
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