【一步到位】Jenkins的安装、部署、启动(完整教程)

引用地址：https://blog.csdn.net/jj2772367224/article/details/126149311

一、测试环境

    Linux系统 Centos 7

二、安装步骤：
1、安装jdk

我安装的是jdk8，此处就不多说了，自己百度哈，很简单
2、安装jenkins

首先依次执行如下三个命令：
2.1、导入镜像：

    [root@centos7 ~]# sudo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.repo
    --2019-12-24 17:59:44--  https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.repo
    Resolving pkg.jenkins.io (pkg.jenkins.io)... 52.202.51.185
    Connecting to pkg.jenkins.io (pkg.jenkins.io)|52.202.51.185|:443... connected.
    HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
    Length: 85
    Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo’
     
    100%[=====================================================================================================================================================>] 85          --.-K/s   in 0s      
     
    2019-12-24 18:00:47 (17.4 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo’ saved [85/85]
     

2.2、导入公钥

    [root@centos7 ~]# sudo rpm --import https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.io.key
     

2.3、安装jenkins：

    [root@centos7 ~]# yum install jenkins
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
    Resolving Dependencies
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package jenkins.noarch 0:2.204.1-1.1 will be installed
    --> Finished Dependency Resolution
     
    Dependencies Resolved
     
    ===============================================================================================================================================================================================
     Package                                      Arch                                        Version                                           Repository                                    Size
    ===============================================================================================================================================================================================
    Installing:
     jenkins                                      noarch                                      2.204.1-1.1                                       jenkins                                       60 M
     
    Transaction Summary
    ===============================================================================================================================================================================================
    Install  1 Package
     
    Total download size: 60 M
    Installed size: 61 M
    Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
    Downloading packages:
    Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
    jenkins-2.204.1-1.1.noarch.rpm FAILED                                          
    http://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins-2.204.1-1.1.noarch.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins-2.204.1-1.1.noarch.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')
    Trying other mirror.
    jenkins-2.204.1-1.1.noarch.rpm FAILED                                          
    http://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins-2.204.1-1.1.noarch.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins-2.204.1-1.1.noarch.rpm: (28, 'Connection timed out after 30001 milliseconds')
    Trying other mirror.
    jenkins-2.204.1-1.1.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                          |  60 MB  00:04:26     
    Running transaction check
    Running transaction test
    Transaction test succeeded
    Running transaction
    Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
    ** Found 1 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows:
    authconfig-6.2.8-30.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of newt-python
      Installing : jenkins-2.204.1-1.1.noarch                                                                                                                                                  1/1 
      Verifying  : jenkins-2.204.1-1.1.noarch                                                                                                                                                  1/1 
     
    Installed:
      jenkins.noarch 0:2.204.1-1.1                                                                                                                                                                 
     
    Complete!
     

2.4、修改配置文件

[root@centos7 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/jenkins

修改这部分：

    ## Default:     8080
    ## ServiceRestart: jenkins
    #
    # Port Jenkins is listening on.
    # Set to -1 to disable
    #
    JENKINS_PORT="8091"
     
    ## Type:        string
    ## Default:     ""
    ## ServiceRestart: jenkins

2.5、启动jenkins

    [root@centos7 ~]# systemctl  start  jenkins
    Job for jenkins.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status jenkins.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

2.6、查看jenkins的启动状态

    [root@centos7 ~]# systemctl status  jenkins
    ● jenkins.service - LSB: Jenkins Automation Server
       Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
       Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2019-12-24 18:12:05 CST; 11s ago
         Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
      Process: 23175 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
     
    Dec 24 18:12:05 centos7  systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Jenkins Automation Server...
    Dec 24 18:12:05 centos7 runuser[23180]: pam_unix(runuser:session): session opened for user jenkins by (uid=0)
    Dec 24 18:12:05 centos7 jenkins[23175]: Starting Jenkins bash: /usr/bin/java: Is a directory
    Dec 24 18:12:05 centos7  systemd[1]: jenkins.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
    Dec 24 18:12:05 centos7 jenkins[23175]: [FAILED]
    Dec 24 18:12:05 centos7 systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: Jenkins Automation Server.
    Dec 24 18:12:05 centos7  systemd[1]: Unit jenkins.service entered failed state.
    Dec 24 18:12:05 centos7 systemd[1]: jenkins.service failed.

出现这种情况的解决办法是：

修改 jenkins 的配置文件中使用的 jdk 路径

    [root@centos7 ~]#  echo $JAVA_HOME
    /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_191
     
    [root@centos7 ~]# vi /etc/init.d/jenkins 

注意：这里echo $JAVA_HOME 出来的路径，后面一定跟启动路径（/bin/java）

2.7、重启并查看 jenkins 状态

    systemctl daemon-reload
     
    systemctl restart jenkins 

我的 jenkins 启动后是这样子的：

    [root@centos7 docker]# systemctl daemon-reload
    [root@centos7 docker]# systemctl restart jenkins 
    [root@centos7 docker]# systemctl status jenkins
    ● jenkins.service - LSB: Jenkins Automation Server
       Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
       Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-12-24 18:16:08 CST; 12s ago
         Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
      Process: 23787 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
       CGroup: /system.slice/jenkins.service
               └─23832 /software/jdk1.8.0_191/bin/java -Dcom.sun.akuma.Daemon=daemonized -Djava.awt.headless=true -DJENKINS_HOME=/var/lib/jenkins -jar /usr/lib/jenkins/jenkins.war --logfile=/v...
     
    Dec 24 18:16:02 centos7 systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Jenkins Automation Server...
    Dec 24 18:16:02 centos7 runuser[23792]: pam_unix(runuser:session): session opened for user jenkins by (uid=0)
    Dec 24 18:16:08 centos7 runuser[23792]: pam_unix(runuser:session): session closed for user jenkins
    Dec 24 18:16:08 centos7 systemd[1]: Started LSB: Jenkins Automation Server.
    Dec 24 18:16:08 centos7 jenkins[23787]: Starting Jenkins [  OK  ]
    [root@centos7 ~]# lsof -i:8091
    COMMAND   PID    USER   FD   TYPE   DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
    java    23832 jenkins  160u  IPv4 11605726      0t0  TCP *:jamlink (LISTEN)

好了，此时已经表示 Jenkins 顺利安装并启动成功了！
 

2.8、访问浏览器: http://localhost:8091/ 出现如下提示：

Please wait while Jenkins is getting ready to work...

解决办法：
进入jenkins的工作目录（/var/lib/jenkins/），打开 hudson.model.UpdateCenter.xml
把 http://updates.jenkins-ci.org/update-center.json 改成如下三个地址之一均可：

    # 修改更新地址（到其中一种即可）：
    http://mirror.xmission.com/jenkins/updates/update-center.json
     
    http://updates.jenkins.io/update-center.json
     
    https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/jenkins/updates/update-center.json
     
    http://mirror.esuni.jp/jenkins/updates/update-center.json

然后重启并查看 jenkins 状态：

    [root@centos7 ~]# vi hudson.model.UpdateCenter.xml 
    [root@centos7 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
    [root@centos7 ~]# systemctl restart jenkins 
    [root@centos7 ~]# systemctl status jenkins

查看密码：

cat /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword

然后直接选推荐安装的插件，或者直接下一步就完事儿了！
 

2.9、设置jenkin语言为中文

需要的话，还可以设置语言为中文

    1、系统管理->插件管理->可用插件：安装Locale Plugin插件（https://wiki.jenkins.io/display/JENKINS/Locale+Plugin），重启；
    2、如果没有搜索到这个插件，就直接官网（https://github.com/jenkinsci/locale-plugin或者https://updates.jenkins.io/download/plugins/locale/）下载安装：
    系统管理->插件管理->高级->上传插件，安装重启；
    3、系统管理->系统管理->locale language->输入zh_CN 
     

    最新版本的jenkins，即使设置了zh_CN也有可能是中英文混搭风， 因为最新版本没有针对所有内容都翻译成中文。

三、卸载

    [root@centos7 ~]# rpm -e jenkins
    warning: /etc/sysconfig/jenkins saved as /etc/sysconfig/jenkins.rpmsave
    warning: /etc/init.d/jenkins saved as /etc/init.d/jenkins.rpmsave
    [root@centos7 ~]# systemctl stop jenkins
    Failed to stop jenkins.service: Access denied
    See system logs and 'systemctl status jenkins.service' for details.
    Failed to get load state of jenkins.service: Access denied
    [root@centos7 ~]# rpm -ql jenkins
    package jenkins is not installed
    [root@centos7 ~]# find / -iname jenkins | xargs -n 1000 rm -rf
    [root@centos7 ~]#

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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/jj2772367224/article/details/126149311