sum(x) over( partition by y ORDER BY z ) 分析

本文转自：sum(x) over( partition by y ORDER BY z ) 分析

参考的博文出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/luhe/p/4155612.html，对博文进行了修改新增，修改了错误的地方

之前用过row_number()，rank()等排序与over( partition by … ORDER BY …)，这两个比较好理解: 先分组，然后在组内排名。

今天突然碰到sum(…) over( partition by … ORDER BY … )，居然搞不清除怎么执行的，所以查了些资料，做了下实操。

1. 从最简单的开始

sum(…) over( )，对所有行求和

sum(…) over( order by … )，和 = 第一行 到 与当前行同序号行的最后一行的所有值求和，文字不太好理解，请看下图的算法解析。

with aa as
( 
SELECT 1 a,1 b, 3 c FROM dual union
SELECT 2 a,2 b, 3 c FROM dual union
SELECT 3 a,3 b, 3 c FROM dual union
SELECT 4 a,4 b, 3 c FROM dual union
SELECT 5 a,5 b, 3 c FROM dual union
SELECT 6 a,5 b, 3 c FROM dual union
SELECT 7 a,2 b, 3 c FROM dual union
SELECT 8 a,2 b, 8 c FROM dual union
SELECT 9 a,3 b, 3 c FROM dual
)
SELECT a,b,c,
sum(c) over(order by b) sum1,--有排序，求和当前行所在顺序号的C列所有值
sum(c) over() sum2--无排序，求和 C列所有值
from aa

补充 by 松门一枝花：

WITH aa AS
  ( SELECT 1 a,1 b, 3 c FROM dual
  UNION
  SELECT 2 a,2 b, 3 c FROM dual
  UNION
  SELECT 3 a,3 b, 3 c FROM dual
  UNION
  SELECT 4 a,4 b, 3 c FROM dual
  UNION
  SELECT 5 a,5 b, 3 c FROM dual
  UNION
  SELECT 6 a,5 b, 3 c FROM dual
  UNION
  SELECT 7 a,2 b, 3 c FROM dual
  UNION
  SELECT 8 a,2 b, 8 c FROM dual
  UNION
  SELECT 9 a,3 b, 3 c FROM dual
  )
SELECT a,
  b,
  c,
  SUM(c) over(order by a) sum1,--有排序，求和当前行所在顺序号的C列所有值--【博主新增的】
  SUM(c) over(order by b) sum2,--有排序，求和当前行所在顺序号的C列所有值
  SUM(c) over() sum3  FROM aa order by a;       --无排序，求和 C列所有值

2. 与 partition by 结合

sum(…) over( partition by… )，同组内所行求和

sum(…) over( partition by… order by … )，同第1点中的排序求和原理，只是范围限制在组内

with aa as
( 
SELECT 1 a,1 b, 3 c FROM dual union
SELECT 2 a,2 b, 3 c FROM dual union
SELECT 3 a,3 b, 3 c FROM dual union
SELECT 4 a,4 b, 3 c FROM dual union
SELECT 5 a,5 b, 3 c FROM dual union
SELECT 6 a,5 b, 3 c FROM dual union
SELECT 7 a,2 b, 3 c FROM dual union
SELECT 7 a,2 b, 8 c FROM dual union
SELECT 9 a,3 b, 3 c FROM dual
)
SELECT a,b,c,sum(c) over( partition by b ) partition_sum,
sum(c) over( partition by b order by a desc) partition_order_sum
  FROM aa;

注：上面的语法是 oracle 中的。在 sqlserver 中也有类似的用法，把相关的 from dual 去掉就可以了。