Predicate的源码：
public interface Predicate<T> {
/**
* Evaluates this predicate on the given argument.
*/
boolean test(T t);
/**
* Returns a composed predicate that represents a short-circuiting logical
* AND of this predicate and another. When evaluating the composed
* predicate, if this predicate is {@code false}, then the {@code other}
* predicate is not evaluated.
*/
default Predicate<T> and(Predicate<? super T> other) {
Objects.requireNonNull(other);
return (t) -> test(t) && other.test(t);
}
/**
* Returns a predicate that represents the logical negation of this
* predicate.
*/
default Predicate<T> negate() {
return (t) -> !test(t);
}
/**
* Returns a composed predicate that represents a short-circuiting logical
* OR of this predicate and another. When evaluating the composed
* predicate, if this predicate is {@code true}, then the {@code other}
* predicate is not evaluated.
*/
default Predicate<T> or(Predicate<? super T> other) {
Objects.requireNonNull(other);
return (t) -> test(t) || other.test(t);
}
/**
* Returns a predicate that tests if two arguments are equal according
* to {@link Objects#equals(Object, Object)}.
*/
static <T> Predicate<T> isEqual(Object targetRef) {
return (null == targetRef)
? Objects::isNull
: object -> targetRef.equals(object);
}
}
Predicate是个断言式接口其参数是<T,boolean>，也就是给一个参数T，返回boolean类型的结果。跟Function一样，Predicate的具体实现也是根据传入的lambda表达式来决定的。
boolean test(T t);
接下来我们看看Predicate默认实现的三个重要方法and，or和negate
default Predicate<T> and(Predicate<? super T> other) {
Objects.requireNonNull(other);
return (t) -> test(t) && other.test(t);
}
default Predicate<T> negate() {
return (t) -> !test(t);
}
default Predicate<T> or(Predicate<? super T> other) {
Objects.requireNonNull(other);
return (t) -> test(t) || other.test(t);
}
这三个方法对应了java的三个连接符号&&、||和!，基本的使用十分简单，我们给一个例子看看：
int[] numbers= {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15};
List<Integer> list=new ArrayList<>();
for(int i:numbers) {
list.add(i);
}
Predicate<Integer> p1=i->i>5;
Predicate<Integer> p2=i->i<20;
Predicate<Integer> p3=i->i%2==0;
List test=list.stream().filter(p1.and(p2).and(p3)).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(test.toString());
/** print:[6, 8, 10, 12, 14]*/
我们定义了三个断言p1,p2,p3。现在有一个从1~15的list，我们需要过滤这个list。上述的filter是过滤出所有大于5小于20，并且是偶数的列表。
假如突然我们的需求变了，我们现在需要过滤出奇数。那么我不可能直接去改Predicate，因为实际项目中这个条件可能在别的地方也要使用。那么此时我只需要更改filter中Predicate的条件。
List test=list.stream().filter(p1.and(p2).and(p3.negate())).collect(Collectors.toList());
/** print:[7, 9, 11, 13, 15]*/
我们直接对p3这个条件取反就可以实现了。是不是很简单？
isEqual这个方法的返回类型也是Predicate，所以我们也可以把它作为函数式接口进行使用。我们可以当做==操作符来使用。
List test=list.stream()
.filter(p1.and(p2).and(p3.negate()).and(Predicate.isEqual(7)))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
/** print:[7] */
下面看一些看复杂点的例子。
public class Employee {
private Integer id;
private Integer age;
private String gender;
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
public Employee(Integer id, Integer age, String gender, String firstName, String lastName) {
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
this.gender = gender;
this.firstName = firstName;
this.lastName = lastName;
}
// getter, setter
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Employee [id=" + id + ", age=" + age + ", gender=" + gender + ", firstName=" + firstName + ", lastName="
+ lastName + "]";
}
}
下面定义多个 Predicate，对应多个筛选条件，病开始使用这些断言。
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
public class EmployeePredicates {
public static Predicate<Employee> isAdultMale() {
return p -> p.getAge() > 21 && p.getGender().equalsIgnoreCase("M");
}
public static Predicate<Employee> isAdultFemale() {
return p -> p.getAge() > 18 && p.getGender().equalsIgnoreCase("F");
}
public static Predicate<Employee> isAgeMoreThan(Integer age) {
return p -> p.getAge() > age;
}
public static List<Employee> filterEmployee(List<Employee> employees, Predicate<Employee> predicate) {
return employees.stream().filter(predicate).collect(Collectors.toList());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Employee e1 = new Employee(1,23,"M","Rick","Beethovan");
Employee e2 = new Employee(2,13,"F","Martina","Hengis");
Employee e3 = new Employee(3,43,"M","Ricky","Martin");
Employee e4 = new Employee(4,26,"M","Jon","Lowman");
Employee e5 = new Employee(5,19,"F","Cristine","Maria");
Employee e6 = new Employee(6,15,"M","David","Feezor");
Employee e7 = new Employee(7,68,"F","Melissa","Roy");
Employee e8 = new Employee(8,79,"M","Alex","Gussin");
Employee e9 = new Employee(9,15,"F","Neetu","Singh");
Employee e10 = new Employee(10,45,"M","Naveen","Jain");
List<Employee> employees =
Arrays.asList(new Employee[]{e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, e8, e9, e10});
System.out.println(filterEmployee(employees, isAdultMale()));
System.out.println(filterEmployee(employees, isAdultFemale()));
System.out.println(filterEmployee(employees, isAgeMoreThan(35)));
}
}
输出：
[1 - 23, 3 - 43, 4 - 26, 8 - 79, 10 - 45]
[5 - 19, 7 - 68]
[3 - 43, 7 - 68, 8 - 79, 10 - 45]
[1 - 23, 2 - 13, 4 - 26, 5 - 19, 6 - 15, 9 - 15]
正则表达式表示为Predicate
可以通过Pattern.compile().asPredicate()将正则表达式转换为Predicate。 在Java 8之前，从一个数组中找出符合正则规则的字符串的方法是
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
public class RegexPredicate {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("^(.+)@example.com$");
// Input list
List<String> emails = Arrays.asList("alex@example.com", "bob@yahoo.com",
"cat@google.com", "david@example.com");
for (String email : emails) {
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(email);
if(matcher.matches()) {
System.out.println(email);
}
}
System.out.println("---------------------------");
// 使用 lambda predicate
Predicate<String> emailFilter = pattern.asPredicate();
List<String> desireEmails = emails.stream()
.filter(emailFilter)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
desireEmails.forEach(System.out::println);
}
}
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