ConcurrentHashMap

 参考：https://www.jianshu.com/p/5dbaa6707017

ConcurrentHashMap：多线程版HashMap

public class ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> extends AbstractMap<K,V>
    implements ConcurrentMap<K,V>, Serializable

jdk1.8中初始容量，扩容要求和HashMap相同

COncurrentHashMap中：相较HashMap中，添加了volatile，没有modCount变量，hashmap中的modCount为了fail-fast机制

    /**
     * The array of bins. Lazily initialized upon first insertion.
     * Size is always a power of two. Accessed directly by iterators.
     */
    transient volatile Node<K,V>[] table;

    /**
     * The next table to use; non-null only while resizing.
     */
    private transient volatile Node<K,V>[] nextTable;

    /**
     * Base counter value, used mainly when there is no contention,
     * but also as a fallback during table initialization
     * races. Updated via CAS.
     */
    private transient volatile long baseCount;

    /**
     * Table initialization and resizing control.  When negative, the
     * table is being initialized or resized: -1 for initialization,
     * else -(1 + the number of active resizing threads).  Otherwise,
     * when table is null, holds the initial table size to use upon
     * creation, or 0 for default. After initialization, holds the
     * next element count value upon which to resize the table.
     */
    private transient volatile int sizeCtl;

    /**
     * The next table index (plus one) to split while resizing.
     */
    private transient volatile int transferIndex;

    /**
     * Spinlock (locked via CAS) used when resizing and/or creating CounterCells.
     */
    private transient volatile int cellsBusy;

    /**
     * Table of counter cells. When non-null, size is a power of 2.
     */
    private transient volatile CounterCell[] counterCells;

初始化过程：

    /**
     * Initializes table, using the size recorded in sizeCtl.
     */
    private final Node<K,V>[] initTable() {
        Node<K,V>[] tab; int sc;
        while ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
//            如果正在初始化，交还cpi时间
            if ((sc = sizeCtl) < 0)
                Thread.yield(); // lost initialization race; just spin
//            未初始化的线程会调用U.compareAndSwapInt方法将sizeCtl改为-1即正在初始化的状态
            else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, -1)) {
                try {
                    if ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
                        int n = (sc > 0) ? sc : DEFAULT_CAPACITY;
                        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
//                        正式初始化
                        Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n];
                        table = tab = nt;
//                        计算数组中可用的大小：实际大小n*0.75（加载因子
                        sc = n - (n >>> 2);
                    }
                } finally {
                    sizeCtl = sc;
                }
                break;
            }
        }
        return tab;
    }

 putVal( )：

1、判断Node[]数组是否初始化，没有则进行初始化操作
2、通过hash定位数组的索引坐标，是否有Node节点，如果没有则使用CAS进行添加（链表的头节点），添加失败则进入下次循环。
3、检查到内部正在扩容，就帮助它一块扩容。
4、如果f！=null，则使用synchronized锁住f元素（链表/红黑树的头元素）。如果是Node（链表结构）则执行链表的添加操作；如果是TreeNode（树型结构）则执行树添加操作。
5、判断链表长度已经达到临界值8（默认值），当节点超过这个值就需要把链表转换为树结构。
6、如果添加成功就调用addCount（）方法统计size，并且检查是否需要扩容

参考：https://www.jianshu.com/p/5dbaa6707017

 

tabAt()该方法用来获取table数组中索引为i的Node元素。
casTabAt()利用CAS操作设置table数组中索引为i的元素
setTabAt()该方法用来设置table数组中索引为i的元素

    /**
     * Maps the specified key to the specified value in this table.
     * Neither the key nor the value can be null.
     *
     * <p>The value can be retrieved by calling the {@code get} method
     * with a key that is equal to the original key.
     *
     * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
     * @param value value to be associated with the specified key
     * @return the previous value associated with {@code key}, or
     *         {@code null} if there was no mapping for {@code key}
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null
     */
    public V put(K key, V value) {
        return putVal(key, value, false);
    }

    /** Implementation for put and putIfAbsent */
    final V putVal(K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) {
        if (key == null || value == null) throw new NullPointerException();
//        计算hash值，hashcode右移16位，
//        (h ^ (h >>> 16)) & HASH_BITS;
//        自己和移位后的自己异或，按位与
        int hash = spread(key.hashCode());
        int binCount = 0;
        for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
            Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
            //如果当前table还没有初始化先调用initTable方法将tab进行初始化
            if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
                tab = initTable();
//           tab中索引为i的位置的元素为null，则直接使用CAS将值插入即可
//            https://blog.csdn.net/argleary/article/details/100940228
//            f元素（链表/红黑树的头元素）
            else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & hash)) == null) {
                if (casTabAt(tab, i, null,
                        new Node<K,V>(hash, key, value, null)))
                    break;                   // no lock when adding to empty bin
            }
//           当前正在扩容
            else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
                tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
            else {
                V oldVal = null;
                synchronized (f) {
                    if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
//                        当前为链表，在链表中插入新的键值对
                        if (fh >= 0) {
                            binCount = 1;
                            for (Node<K,V> e = f;; ++binCount) {
                                K ek;
                                if (e.hash == hash &&
                                        ((ek = e.key) == key ||
                                                (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
                                    oldVal = e.val;
                                    if (!onlyIfAbsent)
                                        e.val = value;
                                    break;
                                }
                                Node<K,V> pred = e;
                                if ((e = e.next) == null) {
                                    pred.next = new Node<K,V>(hash, key,
                                            value, null);
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                        }
//                        当前为红黑树，将新的键值对插入到红黑树中
                        else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
                            Node<K,V> p;
                            binCount = 2;
                            if ((p = ((TreeBin<K,V>)f).putTreeVal(hash, key,
                                    value)) != null) {
                                oldVal = p.val;
                                if (!onlyIfAbsent)
                                    p.val = value;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
//                插入完键值对后再根据实际大小看是否需要转换成红黑树
                if (binCount != 0) {
                    if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
                        treeifyBin(tab, i);
                    if (oldVal != null)
                        return oldVal;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
//        对当前容量大小进行检查，如果超过了临界值（实际大小*加载因子）就需要扩容
        addCount(1L, binCount);
        return null;
    }

 多线程帮助扩容：ForwardingNode的作用就是支持扩容操作，将已处理的节点和空节点置为ForwardingNode，并发处理时多个线程经过ForwardingNode就表示已经遍历了，就往后遍历

    /**
     * Helps transfer if a resize is in progress.
     */
    final Node<K,V>[] helpTransfer(Node<K,V>[] tab, Node<K,V> f) {
        Node<K,V>[] nextTab; int sc;
        // 如果 table 不是空 且 node 节点是转移类型，数据检验
        // 且 node 节点的 nextTable（新 table） 不是空，同样也是数据校验
        // 尝试帮助扩容
        if (tab != null && (f instanceof ForwardingNode) &&
                (nextTab = ((ForwardingNode<K,V>)f).nextTable) != null) {
            // 根据 length 得到一个标识符号
            int rs = resizeStamp(tab.length);
            // 如果 nextTab 没有被并发修改 且 tab 也没有被并发修改
            // 且 sizeCtl  < 0 （说明还在扩容）
            while (nextTab == nextTable && table == tab &&
                    (sc = sizeCtl) < 0) {
                // 如果 sizeCtl 无符号右移  16 不等于 rs （ sc前 16 位如果不等于标识符，则标识符变化了）
                // 或者 sizeCtl == rs + 1  （扩容结束不再有线程进行扩容）（默认第一个线程设置 sc ==rs 左移 16 位 + 2，当第一个线程结束扩容了，就会将 sc 减一。这个时候，sc 就等于 rs + 1）
                // 或者 sizeCtl == rs + 65535  （如果达到了，最大帮助线程的数量，即 65535）
                // 或者转移下标正在调整 （扩容结束）
                // 结束循环，返回 table
                if ((sc >>> RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) != rs || sc == rs + 1 ||
                        sc == rs + MAX_RESIZERS || transferIndex <= 0)
                    break;
                // 如果以上都不是, 将 sizeCtl + 1, （表示增加了一个线程帮助其扩容）
                if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, sc + 1)) {
                    // 进行转移
                    transfer(tab, nextTab);
                    // 结束循环
                    break;
                }
            }
            return nextTab;
        }
        return table;
    }

    /**
     * Moves and/or copies the nodes in each bin to new table. See
     * above for explanation.
     */
    private final void transfer(Node<K,V>[] tab, Node<K,V>[] nextTab) {
        int n = tab.length, stride;
//      每核处理的量小于16，则强制赋值16
        if ((stride = (NCPU > 1) ? (n >>> 3) / NCPU : n) < MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE)
            stride = MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE; // subdivide range
//        nextTab为空表示是第一次进行初始化，非多线程帮助扩容
        if (nextTab == null) {            // initiating
            try {
                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
//              构建一个nextTable对象，其容量为原来容量的两倍
                Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n << 1];
                nextTab = nt;
            } catch (Throwable ex) {      // try to cope with OOME
                sizeCtl = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
                return;
            }
            nextTable = nextTab;
            transferIndex = n;
        }
        int nextn = nextTab.length;
        // 连接点指针，用于标志位（fwd的hash值为-1，fwd.nextTable=nextTab）
        ForwardingNode<K,V> fwd = new ForwardingNode<K,V>(nextTab);
        // 当advance == true时，表明该节点已经处理过了
        boolean advance = true;
        boolean finishing = false; // to ensure sweep before committing nextTab
        for (int i = 0, bound = 0;;) {
            Node<K,V> f; int fh;
            // 控制 --i ,遍历原hash表中的节点
            while (advance) {
                int nextIndex, nextBound;
                if (--i >= bound || finishing)
                    advance = false;
                else if ((nextIndex = transferIndex) <= 0) {
                    i = -1;
                    advance = false;
                }
                // 用CAS计算得到的transferIndex
                else if (U.compareAndSwapInt
                        (this, TRANSFERINDEX, nextIndex,
                                nextBound = (nextIndex > stride ?
                                        nextIndex - stride : 0))) {
                    bound = nextBound;
                    i = nextIndex - 1;
                    advance = false;
                }
            }
            if (i < 0 || i >= n || i + n >= nextn) {
                int sc;
                // 已经完成所有节点复制了
                if (finishing) {
                    nextTable = null;
                    // table 指向nextTable
                    table = nextTab;
                    // sizeCtl阈值为原来的1.5倍
                    sizeCtl = (n << 1) - (n >>> 1);
                    // 跳出死循环
                    return;
                }
                // CAS 更扩容阈值，在这里面sizectl值减一，说明新加入一个线程参与到扩容操作
                if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc = sizeCtl, sc - 1)) {
                    if ((sc - 2) != resizeStamp(n) << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT)
                        return;
                    finishing = advance = true;
                    i = n; // recheck before commit
                }
            }
            // 遍历的节点为null，则放入到ForwardingNode 指针节点
            else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i)) == null)
                advance = casTabAt(tab, i, null, fwd);
            // f.hash == -1 表示遍历到了ForwardingNode节点，意味着该节点已经处理过了
            // 这里是控制并发扩容的核心
            else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
                advance = true; // already processed
            else {
                // 节点加锁
                synchronized (f) {
                    // 节点复制工作
                    if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
                        Node<K,V> ln, hn;
                        // fh >= 0 ,表示为链表节点
                        if (fh >= 0) {
                            // 构造两个链表  一个是原链表  另一个是原链表的反序排列
                            int runBit = fh & n;
                            Node<K,V> lastRun = f;
                            for (Node<K,V> p = f.next; p != null; p = p.next) {
                                int b = p.hash & n;
                                if (b != runBit) {
                                    runBit = b;
                                    lastRun = p;
                                }
                            }
                            if (runBit == 0) {
                                ln = lastRun;
                                hn = null;
                            }
                            else {
                                hn = lastRun;
                                ln = null;
                            }
                            for (Node<K,V> p = f; p != lastRun; p = p.next) {
                                int ph = p.hash; K pk = p.key; V pv = p.val;
                                if ((ph & n) == 0)
                                    ln = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, ln);
                                else
                                    hn = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, hn);
                            }
                            // 在nextTable i 位置处插上链表
                            setTabAt(nextTab, i, ln);
                            // 在nextTable i + n 位置处插上链表
                            setTabAt(nextTab, i + n, hn);
                            // 在table i 位置处插上ForwardingNode 表示该节点已经处理过了
                            setTabAt(tab, i, fwd);
                            // advance = true 可以执行--i动作，遍历节点
                            advance = true;
                        }
                        // 如果是TreeBin，则按照红黑树进行处理，处理逻辑与上面一致
                        else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
                            TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
                            TreeNode<K,V> lo = null, loTail = null;
                            TreeNode<K,V> hi = null, hiTail = null;
                            int lc = 0, hc = 0;
                            for (Node<K,V> e = t.first; e != null; e = e.next) {
                                int h = e.hash;
                                TreeNode<K,V> p = new TreeNode<K,V>
                                        (h, e.key, e.val, null, null);
                                if ((h & n) == 0) {
                                    if ((p.prev = loTail) == null)
                                        lo = p;
                                    else
                                        loTail.next = p;
                                    loTail = p;
                                    ++lc;
                                }
                                else {
                                    if ((p.prev = hiTail) == null)
                                        hi = p;
                                    else
                                        hiTail.next = p;
                                    hiTail = p;
                                    ++hc;
                                }
                            }
                            // 扩容后树节点个数若<=6，将树转链表
                            ln = (lc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD) ? untreeify(lo) :
                                    (hc != 0) ? new TreeBin<K,V>(lo) : t;
                            hn = (hc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD) ? untreeify(hi) :
                                    (lc != 0) ? new TreeBin<K,V>(hi) : t;
                            setTabAt(nextTab, i, ln);
                            setTabAt(nextTab, i + n, hn);
                            setTabAt(tab, i, fwd);
                            advance = true;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }