一、commons-dbutils简介
commons-dbutils 是 Apache 组织提供的一个开源 JDBC工具类库,它是对JDBC的简单封装,学习成本极低,并且使用dbutils能极大简化jdbc编码的工作量,同时也不会影响程序的性能,下载包的网址:http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-dbutils/download_dbutils.cgi。
- org.apache.commons.dbutils (该包中的类主要帮助我们更便捷的操作JDBC)
- org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers(该包中的类都是实现org.apache.commons.dbutils.ResultSetHandler接口的实现类)
- org.apache.commons.dbutils.wrappers(该包中的类主要是封装了对Sql结果集的操作)
二、QueryRunner类使用讲解
该类简单化了SQL查询,它与ResultSetHandler组合在一起使用可以完成大部分的数据库操作,能够大大减少编码量。
QueryRunner类提供了两个构造方法:
- 默认的构造方法
- 需要一个 javax.sql.DataSource 来作参数的构造方法。
2.1、QueryRunner类的主要方法
public Object query(Connection conn, String sql, Object[] params, ResultSetHandler rsh) throws SQLException:执行一个查询操作,在这个查询中,对象数组中的每个元素值被用来作为查询语句的置换参数。该方法会自行处理 PreparedStatement 和 ResultSet 的创建和关闭。
public Object query(String sql, Object[] params, ResultSetHandler rsh) throws SQLException: 几乎与第一种方法一样;唯一的不同在于它不将数据库连接提供给方法,并且它是从提供给构造方法的数据源(DataSource) 或使用的setDataSource 方法中重新获得 Connection。
public Object query(Connection conn, String sql, ResultSetHandler rsh) throws SQLException : 执行一个不需要置换参数的查询操作。
public int update(Connection conn, String sql, Object[] params) throws SQLException:用来执行一个更新(插入、更新或删除)操作。
public int update(Connection conn, String sql) throws SQLException:用来执行一个不需要置换参数的更新操作。
2.2、使用QueryRunner类实现CRUD(增删查改)
以下使用SQLServer2008版数据库
- package org.apache.commons.dbutils;
-
- import java.sql.Connection;
- import java.sql.DriverManager;
- import java.sql.SQLException;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
-
- import javax.sql.DataSource;
-
- import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;
- import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- public class QueryRunnerTest {
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- QueryRunnerTest test = new QueryRunnerTest();
- test.add();
- test.delete();
- test.update();
- test.find();
- test.getAll();
-
- }
-
- private static Connection getConnection() {
- Connection conn = null;
- try {
- Class.forName("com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver");
- conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433;Database=student", "sa", "sasa");
- } catch (SQLException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- System.out.println(conn);
- return conn;
-
- }
-
-
- public void add () {
- Connection conn = getConnection();
- QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
- String sql = "insert into stuInfo (stuName,stuSex,stuAge,stuSeat,stuAddress) values (?,?,?,?,?)";
- Object param[] = {"张良","男",20,11,"韩国"};
- int i;
- try {
- i = qr.update(conn, sql, param);
- System.out.println("添加成功:"+i);
- } catch (SQLException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
-
-
- public void delete() {
- Connection conn = getConnection();
- QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
- String sql ="delete from stuInfo where stuNo=?";
- try {
- int i = qr.update(conn, sql, 7);
- System.out.println("删除成功:"+i);
- } catch (SQLException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
-
-
- public void update() {
- Connection conn = getConnection();
- QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
- String sql = "update stuInfo set stuName=? where stuNo=?";
- Object params[] = {"胡歌",3};
- try {
- int i = qr.update(conn, sql, params);
- System.out.println("修改成功:"+i);
- } catch (SQLException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
-
-
- public void find() {
- Connection conn = getConnection();
- QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
- String sql = "select * from stuInfo where stuNo=?";
- Object params[] = {5};
- try {
- StuInfo stuInfo = (StuInfo)qr.query(conn, sql, new BeanHandler<StuInfo>(StuInfo.class), params);
- System.out.println("查询成功:"+stuInfo);
- } catch (SQLException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
-
-
- public void getAll() {
- Connection conn = getConnection();
- QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
- String sql ="select * from stuInfo";
- ArrayList<StuInfo> list;
- try {
- list = (ArrayList<StuInfo>) qr.query(conn, sql, new BeanListHandler<StuInfo>(StuInfo.class));
- for (StuInfo stuInfo : list) {
- System.out.println(stuInfo);
- }
- } catch (SQLException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
-
- }
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- }
三、ResultSetHandler接口使用讲解
该接口用于处理java.sql.ResultSet,将数据按要求转换为另一种形式。
ResultSetHandler接口提供了一个单独的方法:Object handle (java.sql.ResultSet .rs)
3.1、ResultSetHandler接口的实现类
- ArrayHandler:把结果集中的第一行数据转成对象数组。
- ArrayListHandler:把结果集中的每一行数据都转成一个数组,再存放到List中。
- BeanHandler:将结果集中的第一行数据封装到一个对应的JavaBean实例中。
- BeanListHandler:将结果集中的每一行数据都封装到一个对应的JavaBean实例中,存放到List里。
- ColumnListHandler:将结果集中某一列的数据存放到List中。
- KeyedHandler(name):将结果集中的每一行数据都封装到一个Map里,再把这些map再存到一个map里,其key为指定的key。
- MapHandler:将结果集中的第一行数据封装到一个Map里,key是列名,value就是对应的值。
- MapListHandler:将结果集中的每一行数据都封装到一个Map里,然后再存放到List
3.2、测试dbutils各种类型的处理器
JavaBean类
- package org.apache.commons.dbutils;
-
- public class StuInfo {
- private String stuName;
- private String stuSex;
- private int stuAge;
- private int stuSeat;
- private String stuAddress;
-
-
-
- public String getStuName() {
- return stuName;
- }
- public void setStuName(String stuName) {
- this.stuName = stuName;
- }
- public String getStuSex() {
- return stuSex;
- }
- public void setStuSex(String stuSex) {
- this.stuSex = stuSex;
- }
- public int getStuAge() {
- return stuAge;
- }
- public void setStuAge(int stuAge) {
- this.stuAge = stuAge;
- }
- public int getStuSeat() {
- return stuSeat;
- }
- public void setStuSeat(int stuSeat) {
- this.stuSeat = stuSeat;
- }
- public String getStuAddress() {
- return stuAddress;
- }
- public void setStuAddress(String stuAddress) {
- this.stuAddress = stuAddress;
- }
-
-
-
-
-
- @Override
- public String toString() {
-
- return ("姓名:"+stuName+"\n"+"年龄:"+stuAge+";"+"性别:"+stuSex+";"+"座位:"+stuSeat+";"+"地址:"+stuAddress);
- }
-
-
-
-
-
- }
各种结果集处理方法
- package org.apache.commons.dbutils;
-
- import java.sql.Connection;
- import java.sql.DriverManager;
- import java.sql.SQLException;
- import java.util.Arrays;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.Map;
-
- import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ArrayHandler;
- import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ArrayListHandler;
- import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;
- import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;
- import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanMapHandler;
- import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ColumnListHandler;
- import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.KeyedHandler;
- import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.MapHandler;
- import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.MapListHandler;
- import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ScalarHandler;
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- public class ResultSetHandlerTest {
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
-
- ResultSetHandlerTest test = new ResultSetHandlerTest();
-
- test.testScalarHandler();
- test.testColumnListHandler();
- test.testArrayHandler();
- test.testArrayListHandler();
- test.testMapHandler();
- test.testMapListHandler();
- test.testKeyedHandler();
- test.testBeanHandler();
- test.testBeanListHandler();
- test.testBeanMapHandler();
-
- }
-
- private static Connection getConnection() {
- Connection conn = null;
- try {
- Class.forName("com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver");
- conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433;Database=student", "sa", "sasa");
- } catch (SQLException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- System.out.println(conn);
- return conn;
-
- }
-
-
- public void testScalarHandler() {
- Connection conn = getConnection();
- QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
- String sql = "select * from stuInfo";
-
- try {
-
- int i = qr.query(conn, sql, new ScalarHandler<Integer>());
- System.out.println("Scalarhandler:"+i);
-
-
- String name = qr.query(conn, sql, new ScalarHandler<String>(2));
- System.out.println("学生姓名:"+name);
- String stuName = qr.query(conn, sql, new ScalarHandler<String>("stuName"));
- System.out.println("stuName:"+stuName);
- } catch (SQLException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
-
-
- public void testColumnListHandler() {
- Connection conn = getConnection();
- QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
- String sql = "select * from stuInfo";
- try {
- List<String> list = (List) qr.query(conn, sql, new ColumnListHandler<String>("stuName"));
-
- for (String string : list) {
- System.out.println(string);
- }
- System.out.println(list);
- } catch (SQLException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
-
-
- public void testArrayHandler() {
- Connection conn = getConnection();
- QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
- String sql = "select * from stuInfo";
- try {
- Object result[] = qr.query(conn, sql, new ArrayHandler());
- System.out.println("ArrayHandler:"+Arrays.asList(result));
- System.out.println("ArrayHandler:"+Arrays.toString(result));
- } catch (SQLException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
-
-
-
-
- public void testArrayListHandler() {
- Connection conn = getConnection();
- QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
- String sql = "select * from stuInfo";
- try {
- List<Object[]> list = (List) qr.query(conn, sql, new ArrayListHandler());
- for (Object[] objects : list) {
- System.out.println(Arrays.asList(objects));
- System.out.println(Arrays.toString((Object[])objects));
- }
- } catch (SQLException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
-
-
-
-
-
- public void testKeyedHandler() {
- Connection conn = getConnection();
- QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
- String sql = "select * from stuInfo";
-
- try {
-
-
- Map<Integer,Map> map = (Map)qr.query(conn, sql, new KeyedHandler("stuNo"));
-
- for (Map.Entry<Integer, Map> element : map.entrySet()) {
- int stuNo = element.getKey();
-
- Map<String,Object> innermap = element.getValue();
- for (Map.Entry<String, Object> innerelement : innermap.entrySet()) {
- String columnName = innerelement.getKey();
- Object value = innerelement.getValue();
- System.out.println(columnName+"="+value);
- System.out.println("-------------------");
- }
- }
- } catch (SQLException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
-
-
- public void testMapHandler() {
- Connection conn = getConnection();
- QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
- String sql = "select * from stuInfo";
-
- try {
- Map<String,Object> map = (Map)qr.query(conn, sql, new MapHandler());
- for (Map.Entry<String, Object> me : map.entrySet()) {
- System.out.println(me.getKey()+"="+me.getValue());
- }
- } catch (SQLException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
-
-
- public void testMapListHandler() {
- Connection conn = getConnection();
- QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
- String sql = "select * from stuInfo";
-
- try {
- List<Map> list = (List)qr.query(conn, sql, new MapListHandler());
- for (Map<String,Object> map : list) {
- System.out.println((Map<String,Object>) map);
-
-
-
- }
- } catch (SQLException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
-
-
-
- public void testBeanHandler() {
- Connection conn = getConnection();
- QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
- String sql = "select * from stuInfo";
-
- try {
- StuInfo stuInfo = qr.query(conn, sql, new BeanHandler<StuInfo>(StuInfo.class));
- System.out.println("BeanHandler:"+stuInfo);
- } catch (SQLException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
-
-
- public void testBeanListHandler() {
- Connection conn = getConnection();
- QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
- String sql = "select * from stuInfo";
-
- try {
- List<StuInfo> list = (List)qr.query(conn, sql, new BeanListHandler<StuInfo>(StuInfo.class));
- System.out.println("BeanListHandler:"+list);
- } catch (SQLException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
-
-
-
- public void testBeanMapHandler() {
- Connection conn = getConnection();
- QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
- String sql = "select * from stuInfo";
-
- try {
- Map<Integer,StuInfo> map = qr.query(conn, sql, new BeanMapHandler<Integer,StuInfo>(StuInfo.class, 1));
- System.out.println("BeanMapHandler:"+map);
- } catch (SQLException e) {
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
-
- }
四、DbUtils类使用讲解
DbUtils :提供如关闭连接、装载JDBC驱动程序等常规工作的工具类,里面的所有方法都是静态的。主要方法如下:
public static void close(…) throws java.sql.SQLException: DbUtils类提供了三个重载的关闭方法。这些方法检查所提供的参数是不是NULL,如果不是的话,它们就关闭Connection、Statement和ResultSet。
public static void closeQuietly(…): 这一类方法不仅能在Connection、Statement和ResultSet为NULL情况下避免关闭,还能隐藏一些在程序中抛出的SQLEeception。
public static void commitAndCloseQuietly(Connection conn): 用来提交连接,然后关闭连接,并且在关闭连接时不抛出SQL异常。
public static boolean loadDriver(java.lang.String driverClassName):这一方装载并注册JDBC驱动程序,如果成功就返回true。使用该方法,你不需要捕捉这个异常ClassNotFoundException。