ioctl() 函数

本文引自：http://hi.baidu.com/shentuhongfeng/item/1da8c21275d0ca021994ec62

实验目的主要是熟悉 ioctl() 函数的使用方法以及相关宏的使用。代码由 3 部分组成，一个公用头文件，一个设备驱程序，一个应用测试程序。

头文件 ioctl_test.h 内容：
引用 #ifndef _IOCTLTEST_H_
#define _IOCTLTEST_H_

#define IOCTLTEST_MAGIC    't'

typedef struct {
    unsigned long size;
    unsigned char buff [128];
}__attribute__((packed)) ioctl_test_info;

#define    IOCTLTEST_LEDOFF    _IO (IOCTLTEST_MAGIC, 0)
#define IOCTLTEST_LEDON        _IO (IOCTLTEST_MAGIC, 1)
#define IOCTLTEST_GETSTATE    _IO (IOCTLTEST_MAGIC, 2)

#define IOCTLTEST_READ        _IOR (IOCTLTEST_MAGIC, 3, ioctl_test_info)

#define IOCTLTEST_WRITE        _IOW (IOCTLTEST_MAGIC, 4, ioctl_test_info)

#define IOCTLTEST_WRITE_READ    _IOWR (IOCTLTEST_MAGIC, 5, ioctl_test_info)

#define IOCTLTEST_MAXNR        6

#endif

上面所用到的宏 _IO, _IOR, _IOW, IOWR 见：http://www.groad.net/bbs/read.php?tid-1212.html

驱动程序代码：
引用 #include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/fcntl.h>

#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/io.h>

#include "ioctl_test.h"

#define    IOCTLTEST_DEV_NAME    "ioctldev"
#define    IOCTLTEST_DEV_MAJOR    240
#define IOCTLTEST_WRITE_ADDR    0x378
#define    IOCTLTEST_READ_ADDR    0X379

int ioctltest_open (struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{   
    return 0;
}

int ioctltest_release (struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
    return 0;
}

int ioctltest_ioctl (struct inode *inode, struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
    ioctl_test_info    ctrl_info;
    int        err, size;
    int        loop;

    if (_IOC_TYPE(cmd) != IOCTLTEST_MAGIC) /*魔数不一致则出错*/
        return -EINVAL;
   
    if (_IOC_NR(cmd) >= IOCTLTEST_MAXNR)     /*魔数相同时判断命令的基数是否大于定义的值*/
        return -EINVAL;

    size = _IOC_SIZE (cmd);

    if (size) {
        err = 0;
        if (_IOC_DIR (cmd) & _IOC_READ )
            err = access_ok (VERIFY_WRITE, (void *)arg, size);
        else if (_IOC_DIR (cmd) & _IOC_WRITE)
            err = access_ok (VERIFY_READ, (void *) arg, size);
       
        if (!err)
          return err;
    }
   
    switch (cmd) {
        case IOCTLTEST_LEDOFF:
             outb (0x00, IOCTLTEST_WRITE_ADDR);
             break;

        case IOCTLTEST_LEDON:
            outb (0xff, IOCTLTEST_WRITE_ADDR);
            break;

        case IOCTLTEST_GETSTATE:
            return (inb (IOCTLTEST_READ_ADDR));

        case IOCTLTEST_READ:
            ctrl_info.buff[0] = inb (IOCTLTEST_READ_ADDR);
            ctrl_info.size = 1;
            copy_to_user ((void *)arg, (const void *)&ctrl_info, (unsigned long)size);
            break;
   
        case IOCTLTEST_WRITE:
            copy_from_user ((void *)&ctrl_info, (const void *)arg, size);
           
            for (loop = 0; loop < ctrl_info.size; loop++)
                outb (ctrl_info.buff[loop], IOCTLTEST_WRITE_ADDR);
           
            break;
        case IOCTLTEST_WRITE_READ:
            copy_from_user ((void *)&ctrl_info, (const void *)arg, size);

            for (loop = 0; loop < ctrl_info.size; loop++)
                outb (ctrl_info.buff[loop], IOCTLTEST_WRITE_ADDR);

            ctrl_info.buff[0] = inb (IOCTLTEST_READ_ADDR);
            ctrl_info.size = 1;
            copy_to_user ((void *)arg, (const void *)&ctrl_info, (unsigned long)size);
       
            break;
    }

    return 0;
}

struct file_operations ioctltest_fops = {
    .owner = THIS_MODULE,
    .ioctl = ioctltest_ioctl,
    .open = ioctltest_open,
    .release = ioctltest_release,
};

int ioctltest_init (void)
{
    int result;
   
    result = register_chrdev (IOCTLTEST_DEV_MAJOR, IOCTLTEST_DEV_NAME, &ioctltest_fops);
   
    if (result < 0) return result;
   
    return 0;
}

void ioctltest_exit (void)
{
    unregister_chrdev (IOCTLTEST_DEV_MAJOR, IOCTLTEST_DEV_NAME);
}

module_init (ioctltest_init);
module_exit (ioctltest_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE ("Dual BSD/GPL");

Makefile 文件：
引用 obj-m := ioctl_dev.o

KDIR := /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build

PWD := $(shell pwd)

default:
    $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) SUBDIRS=$(PWD) modules

clean:
    rm -rf *.ko
    rm -rf *.mod.*
    rm -rf .*.cmd
    rm -rf *.o

应用程序代码：
引用 #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "ioctl_test.h"

#define DEVICE_FILENAME    "/dev/ioctl_dev"

int main()
{
    ioctl_test_info    info;
    int        dev;
    int        state;
    int        cnt;

    dev = open (DEVICE_FILENAME, O_RDWR | O_NDELAY);
   
    if (dev >= 0) {
        printf ("wait...input\n");
        ioctl (dev, IOCTLTEST_LEDON);
   
        while (1) {
            state = ioctl (dev, IOCTLTEST_GETSTATE);
            if (!(state & 0x10)) break;
        }

        sleep (1);
        ioctl (dev, IOCTLTEST_LEDOFF);
       
        printf ("wait... input\n");
       
        while (1) {
            info.size = 0;
            ioctl (dev, IOCTLTEST_READ, &info);
            if (info.size > 0) {
                if (!(info.buff[0] & 0x10)) break;
            }
        }
        printf ("IOCTLTEST_READ OK!\n");

        info.size = 1;
        info.buff[0] = 0xFF;
       
        for (cnt = 0; cnt < 10; cnt++) {
            ioctl (dev, IOCTLTEST_WRITE, &info);
               
            info.buff[0] = ~info.buff[0];
            usleep (500000);
        }

        printf ("wait... input\n");
        cnt = 0;
        state = 0xFF;

        while (1) {
            info.size = 1;
            info.buff[0] = state;
            ioctl (dev, IOCTLTEST_WRITE_READ, &info);

            if (info.size > 0) {
                if (!(info.buff[0] & 0x10)) break;
            }

            cnt++;
            if (cnt >= 2) {
                cnt = 0;
                state = ~state;
            }
       
            usleep (100000);
        }
        ioctl (dev, IOCTLTEST_LEDOFF);
       
        close (dev);
    }
    return 0;
}