http://www.vckbase.com/document/viewdoc/?id=1815
作者:许培
由于这段时间较忙,自从上次我发布了一个供初学者学习的“MFC”程序后,就没怎么写文章了。这段时间在忙新的项目,项目逻辑还算复杂,用了好多有闪光点的技术,下面我要讨论的是闪光点之一:在C++中实现C#的delegate机制。
用过C#的朋友都觉得C#的确是个好语言,但有时由于特殊需要,不得不用C++,在C++中要想实现C#中的Thread等也是可行的,不过代码要稍复杂。
以例子来说明:
class Sdk { public: void DoSomething(); }; class client { public: Sdk m_sdk; void DoSomething{} { m_sdk.DoSomething(); } void OnMessage() { // } }
这个例子比较简单,Sdk用来实现某个功能,client是客户程序,要想在m_sdk做处理的时候能发送通知到client,有几个方法可以实现, 其一是发线程消息,其一是回调,但传统的回调对面向对象的支持并不好,这就是实现delegate的出发点。 下面是一个实现:
class Delegate { public: virtual ~Delegate(void){ } virtual void operator()(void) = 0; }; template <typename C> class DelegateImpl : public Delegate { private: typedef void (C::*F)(void); C* m_class; F m_fun; public: DelegateImpl(C* c, F f){ m_class = c; m_fun = f; } virtual void operator()(void) { if(m_class) return (m_class-> *m_fun)(); } };
有了上面代码,再稍加修改sdk和client代码就能实现事件通知了:
class Sdk { public: Delegate* pEvent; sdk(): pEvent(NULL) { } void DoSomething() { cout < <"opened" < <endl; if(pEvent != NULL) (*pEvent)( ); } }; class client { private: Sdk m_sdk; public: client() { m_sdk.pEvent = new Delegate <client> (this, OnOpen); } void DoSomething() { m_sdk.DoSomething(); } void OnDoSomething() { cout < <"event fired" < <endl; } }
上面的实现有不少局限性,事件处理方法的返回值和参数设置不是十分灵活,因此可以用宏定义优代以上代码, 下面给出我的全部代码,请朋友指正。
// //delegate 0 #define DEFINE_DELEGATE(NAME, R)/ class NAME##Delegate/ {/ public:/ virtual ~NAME##Delegate(void){ }/ virtual R operator()(void) = 0;/ };/ template<typename C>/ class NAME##DelegateImpl : public NAME##Delegate/ {/ private:/ typedef R (C::*F)(void);/ C* m_class;/ F m_fun;/ public:/ NAME##DelegateImpl(C* c, F f){ m_class = c; m_fun = f; }/ virtual R operator()(void)/ {/ if(m_class)/ return (m_class->*m_fun)();/ }/ };/ template<typename C, typename F>/ NAME##Delegate* Make##NAME##Delegate(C* c, F f)/ {/ return new NAME##DelegateImpl<C>(c, f);/ } // //delegate 1 #define DEFINE_DELEGATE(NAME, R, P1)/ class NAME##Delegate/ {/ public:/ virtual ~NAME##Delegate(void){ }/ virtual R operator()(P1 p1) = 0;/ };/ template<typename C>/ class NAME##DelegateImpl : public NAME##Delegate/ {/ private:/ typedef R (C::*F)(P1);/ C* m_class;/ F m_fun;/ public:/ NAME##DelegateImpl(C* c, F f){ m_class = c; m_fun = f; }/ virtual R operator()(P1 p1)/ {/ if(m_class)/ return (m_class->*m_fun)(p1);/ }/ };/ template<typename C, typename F>/ NAME##Delegate* Make##NAME##Delegate(C* c, F f)/ {/ return new NAME##DelegateImpl<C>(c, f);/ } // //delegate 2 #define DEFINE_DELEGATE(NAME, R, P1, P2)/ class NAME##Delegate/ {/ public:/ virtual ~NAME##Delegate(void){ }/ virtual R operator()(P1 p1, P2 p2) = 0;/ };/ template<typename C>/ class NAME##DelegateImpl : public NAME##Delegate/ {/ private:/ typedef R (C::*F)(P1, P2);/ C* m_class;/ F m_fun;/ public:/ NAME##DelegateImpl(C* c, F f){ m_class = c; m_fun = f; }/ virtual R operator()(P1 p1, P2 p2)/ {/ if(m_class)/ return (m_class->*m_fun)(p1, p2);/ }/ };/ template<typename C, typename F>/ NAME##Delegate* Make##NAME##Delegate(C* c, F f)/ {/ return new NAME##DelegateImpl<C>(c, f);/ } /* // //sample DEFINE_DELEGATE(Open, void, int, string) class sdk { public: OpenDelegate* pEvent; sdk(): pEvent(NULL) { } void Open() { cout<<"opened"<<endl; if(pEvent != NULL) (*pEvent)(100, "你好"); } }; class client { private: sdk m_sdk; public: client() { m_sdk.pEvent = MakeOpenDelegate(this, OnOpen2); } void Open() { m_sdk.Open(); } void OnOpen() { cout<<"Open event fired"<<endl; } void OnOpen2(int t, string str) { cout<<"Open event fired, Param = "<<t<<"param2 = "<<str.c_str()<<endl; } }; */