IIC设备驱动程序（三）————IIC设备驱动程序的层次结构

IIC设备驱动分为设备层和驱动层

I2C总线驱动是对I2C硬件体系结构中适配器端的实现，适配器可由CPU控制，甚至可以直接集成在CPU内部。包含i2c_adapter、i2c_algorithm和控制I2C适配器产生通信信号的函数。通过I2C总线驱动的代码，我们可以控制I2C适配器以主控方式产生开始位、停止位读写周期，以及以从设备方式被读写，产生ACK等。

I2C设备驱动是对I2C硬件体系结构中设备端的实现，设备一般挂接在受CPU控制的I2C适配器上，通过I2C适配器与CPU交换数据。包含了i2c_driver和i2c_client。

i2c_adapter对应于物理上的一个适配器，而i2c_algorithm对应一套通信方法。一个I2C适配器需要i2c_algorithm提供的通信函数来控制适配器上产生特定的访问周期。缺少i2c_algorithm的i2c_adapter什么也做不了，因此i2c_adapter中包含其使用的i2c_algorithm的指针。

i2c_driver对应一套驱动方法，是纯粹的用于辅助作用的数据结构，它不对应于任何的物理实体。i2c_client对应于真实的物理设备，每个I2C设备都需要一个i2c_client来描述。i2c_client一般被包含在I2C字符设备的私有信息结构体中。

i2c_driver于i2c_client发生关联的时刻在i2c_driver的attach_adapter()函数被运行时。attach_adapter()会探测物理设备，当确定一个client存在时，把该client使用的i2c_client数据结构的adapter指针指向对应的i2c_adapter，driver指针指向该i2c_driver，并会调用i2c_adapter的client_register()函数。相反的过程会发生在i2c_driver的detach_client()函数被调用的时候。

一、设备层
IIC设备层有IIC设备和对应的设备驱动程序组成，分别用数据结构i2c_client和i2c_driver表示。

1、IIC设备(i2c_client)

/**
 * struct i2c_client - represent an I2C slave device
 * @addr: Address used on the I2C bus connected to the parent adapter.
 * @name: Indicates the type of the device, usually a chip name that's
 *  generic enough to hide second-sourcing and compatible revisions.
 * @dev: Driver model device node for the slave.
 * @driver_name: Identifies new-style driver used with this device; also
 *  used as the module name for hotplug/coldplug modprobe support.
 *
 * An i2c_client identifies a single device (i.e. chip) connected to an
 * i2c bus. The behaviour is defined by the routines of the driver.
 */
struct i2c_client {
    unsigned short flags;       /* div., see below      */
    unsigned short addr;        /* chip address - NOTE: 7bit    */
                    /* addresses are stored in the  */
                    /* _LOWER_ 7 bits       */
    char name[I2C_NAME_SIZE];
    /*依附的适配器i2c_client，适配器指明所属的总线*/
    struct i2c_adapter *adapter;    /* the adapter we sit on    */
    /*指向设备对应的驱动程序*/
    struct i2c_driver *driver;  /* and our access routines  */
    int usage_count;        /* How many accesses currently  */
                    /* to the client        */
    struct device dev;      /* the device structure     */
    int irq;            /* irq issued by device (or -1) */
    char driver_name[KOBJ_NAME_LEN];
    struct list_head list;
    /*是否已经释放的完成量*/
    struct completion released;
};

2、IIC设备地址

3、IIC设备驱动(i2c_driver)

struct i2c_driver {
    int id; /*驱动标识ID*/
    unsigned int class; /*驱动的类型*/

     /*检测/卸载适配器*/
    int (*attach_adapter)(struct i2c_adapter *);
    int (*detach_adapter)(struct i2c_adapter *);

     /*卸载设备时*/
    int (*detach_client)(struct i2c_client *);

     /*新类型驱动需要的函数*/
    int (*probe)(struct i2c_client *);
    int (*remove)(struct i2c_client *);

    void (*shutdown)(struct i2c_client *);
    int (*suspend)(struct i2c_client *, pm_message_t mesg);
    int (*resume)(struct i2c_client *);

    int (*command)(struct i2c_client *client,unsigned int cmd, void *arg);

    struct device_driver driver;
    struct list_head list;
};

4、i2c_driver和i2c_client的关系

二、总线层
IIC总线层由总线适配器和适配器驱动程序组成，分别用数据结构i2c_adapter和i2c_algorithm表示。

1、IIC总线适配器（i2c_adapter）

/*
 * i2c_adapter is the structure used to identify a physical i2c bus along
 * with the access algorithms necessary to access it.
 */
struct i2c_adapter {
    struct module *owner;
    unsigned int id;    /*alogorithm的类型，定义在i2c_id.h中*/
    unsigned int class; /*允许探测的驱动类型*/
    const struct i2c_algorithm *algo; /* 指向适配器的驱动程序 */
    void *algo_data;

    /* --- administration stuff. */
    /*设备client注册/注销时调用的函数*/
    int (*client_register)(struct i2c_client *);
    int (*client_unregister)(struct i2c_client *);

    /* data fields that are valid for all devices   */
    u8 level;           /* nesting level for lockdep */
    struct mutex bus_lock;
    struct mutex clist_lock;

    int timeout;
    int retries;
    struct device dev;      /* the adapter device */

    int nr;
    struct list_head clients; /*连接在总线上的设备*/
    struct list_head list;
    char name[48];
    struct completion dev_released;
};

2、IIC总线驱动程序(i2c_algorithm)
每一个适配器对应一个驱动程序，该驱动程序描述了适配器与设备之间的通信方法。

struct i2c_algorithm {
    /* If an adapter algorithm can't do I2C-level access, set master_xfer
       to NULL. If an adapter algorithm can do SMBus access, set
       smbus_xfer. If set to NULL, the SMBus protocol is simulated
       using common I2C messages */
    /* master_xfer should return the number of messages successfully
       processed, or a negative value on error */
    int (*master_xfer)(struct i2c_adapter *adap,struct i2c_msg *msgs,
                       int num);
    int (*smbus_xfer) (struct i2c_adapter *adap, u16 addr,
                       unsigned short flags, char read_write,
                       u8 command, int size, union i2c_smbus_data * data);

    /* --- ioctl like call to set div. parameters. */
    int (*algo_control)(struct i2c_adapter *, unsigned int, unsigned long);

    /* To determine what the adapter supports */
    u32 (*functionality) (struct i2c_adapter *);
};

三、IIC设备层和总线层的关系

四、写IIC设备驱动的步骤