Android系统中要自定义view,首先需要了解Android的view加载机制。主要有三个方法:
1、onMeasure() //计算出view自身大小
2、onLayout() //仅在ViewGroup中,用来为子view指定位置
3、onDraw() //view绘制内容
那么系统能让我们在onDraw()能够绘制些什么呢,查看View.draw()源码发现
- /**
- * Manually render this view (and all of its children) to the given Canvas.
- * The view must have already done a full layout before this function is
- * called. When implementing a view, implement
- * {@link #onDraw(android.graphics.Canvas)} instead of overriding this method.
- * If you do need to override this method, call the superclass version.
- *
- * @param canvas The Canvas to which the View is rendered.
- */
- public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
- if (ViewDebug.TRACE_HIERARCHY) {
- ViewDebug.trace(this, ViewDebug.HierarchyTraceType.DRAW);
- }
- final int privateFlags = mPrivateFlags;
- final boolean dirtyOpaque = (privateFlags & DIRTY_MASK) == DIRTY_OPAQUE &&
- (mAttachInfo == null || !mAttachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState);
- mPrivateFlags = (privateFlags & ~DIRTY_MASK) | DRAWN;
- /*
- * Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed
- * in the appropriate order:
- *
- * 1. Draw the background
- * 2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading
- * 3. Draw view's content
- * 4. Draw children
- * 5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers
- * 6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)
- */
- // Step 1, draw the background, if needed
- int saveCount;
- if (!dirtyOpaque) {
- final Drawable background = mBGDrawable;
- if (background != null) {
- final int scrollX = mScrollX;
- final int scrollY = mScrollY;
- if (mBackgroundSizeChanged) {
- background.setBounds(0, 0, mRight - mLeft, mBottom - mTop);
- mBackgroundSizeChanged = false;
- }
- if ((scrollX | scrollY) == 0) {
- background.draw(canvas);
- } else {
- canvas.translate(scrollX, scrollY);
- background.draw(canvas);
- canvas.translate(-scrollX, -scrollY);
- }
- }
- }
- // skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case)
- final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
- boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;
- boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;
- if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) {
- // Step 3, draw the content
- if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);
- // Step 4, draw the children
- dispatchDraw(canvas);
- // Step 6, draw decorations (scrollbars)
- onDrawScrollBars(canvas);
- // we're done...
- return;
- }
- /*
- * Here we do the full fledged routine...
- * (this is an uncommon case where speed matters less,
- * this is why we repeat some of the tests that have been
- * done above)
- */
- boolean drawTop = false;
- boolean drawBottom = false;
- boolean drawLeft = false;
- boolean drawRight = false;
- float topFadeStrength = 0.0f;
- float bottomFadeStrength = 0.0f;
- float leftFadeStrength = 0.0f;
- float rightFadeStrength = 0.0f;
- // Step 2, save the canvas' layers
- int paddingLeft = mPaddingLeft;
- final boolean offsetRequired = isPaddingOffsetRequired();
- if (offsetRequired) {
- paddingLeft += getLeftPaddingOffset();
- }
- int left = mScrollX + paddingLeft;
- int right = left + mRight - mLeft - mPaddingRight - paddingLeft;
- int top = mScrollY + getFadeTop(offsetRequired);
- int bottom = top + getFadeHeight(offsetRequired);
- if (offsetRequired) {
- right += getRightPaddingOffset();
- bottom += getBottomPaddingOffset();
- }
- final ScrollabilityCache scrollabilityCache = mScrollCache;
- final float fadeHeight = scrollabilityCache.fadingEdgeLength;
- int length = (int) fadeHeight;
- // clip the fade length if top and bottom fades overlap
- // overlapping fades produce odd-looking artifacts
- if (verticalEdges && (top + length > bottom - length)) {
- length = (bottom - top) / 2;
- }
- // also clip horizontal fades if necessary
- if (horizontalEdges && (left + length > right - length)) {
- length = (right - left) / 2;
- }
- if (verticalEdges) {
- topFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getTopFadingEdgeStrength()));
- drawTop = topFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
- bottomFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getBottomFadingEdgeStrength()));
- drawBottom = bottomFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
- }
- if (horizontalEdges) {
- leftFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getLeftFadingEdgeStrength()));
- drawLeft = leftFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
- rightFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getRightFadingEdgeStrength()));
- drawRight = rightFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
- }
- saveCount = canvas.getSaveCount();
- int solidColor = getSolidColor();
- if (solidColor == 0) {
- final int flags = Canvas.HAS_ALPHA_LAYER_SAVE_FLAG;
- if (drawTop) {
- canvas.saveLayer(left, top, right, top + length, null, flags);
- }
- if (drawBottom) {
- canvas.saveLayer(left, bottom - length, right, bottom, null, flags);
- }
- if (drawLeft) {
- canvas.saveLayer(left, top, left + length, bottom, null, flags);
- }
- if (drawRight) {
- canvas.saveLayer(right - length, top, right, bottom, null, flags);
- }
- } else {
- scrollabilityCache.setFadeColor(solidColor);
- }
- // Step 3, draw the content
- if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);
- // Step 4, draw the children
- dispatchDraw(canvas);
- // Step 5, draw the fade effect and restore layers
- final Paint p = scrollabilityCache.paint;
- final Matrix matrix = scrollabilityCache.matrix;
- final Shader fade = scrollabilityCache.shader;
- if (drawTop) {
- matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * topFadeStrength);
- matrix.postTranslate(left, top);
- fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
- canvas.drawRect(left, top, right, top + length, p);
- }
- if (drawBottom) {
- matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * bottomFadeStrength);
- matrix.postRotate(180);
- matrix.postTranslate(left, bottom);
- fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
- canvas.drawRect(left, bottom - length, right, bottom, p);
- }
- if (drawLeft) {
- matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * leftFadeStrength);
- matrix.postRotate(-90);
- matrix.postTranslate(left, top);
- fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
- canvas.drawRect(left, top, left + length, bottom, p);
- }
- if (drawRight) {
- matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * rightFadeStrength);
- matrix.postRotate(90);
- matrix.postTranslate(right, top);
- fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
- canvas.drawRect(right - length, top, right, bottom, p);
- }
- canvas.restoreToCount(saveCount);
- // Step 6, draw decorations (scrollbars)
- onDrawScrollBars(canvas);
- }
下面根据源码中的相关说明,进一步分析控件的绘制操作及顺序:
- /*
- * Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed
- * in the appropriate order:
- *
- * 1. Draw the background (绘制控件设置的背景,系统已在view.draw()中绘制,只要在xml中指定背景即可)
- * 2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading
- * 3. Draw view's content (可以重写, onDraw(canvas);)
- * 4. Draw children (可重写,用来分发canvas到子控件,具体看ViewGroup。对应方法dispatchDraw(canvas);此方法依次调用了子控件的draw()方法)
- * 5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers (绘制控件四周的阴影渐变效果)
- * 6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance) (用来绘制滚动条,对应方法onDrawScrollBars(canvas);。
- * onDrawHorizontalScrollBar()和onDrawVerticalScrollBar()被隐藏了无法重写,也许有其他方法重写滚动条)
- */
转载自:http://orgcent.com/android-custom-view-draw-mechanism/ | 萝卜白菜的博客