c库函数

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-30 22:48:37 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-10-30 22:48:37 发布

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分类专栏： C/C++ 文章标签： C/C++

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文章目录

数学函数
字符函数和字符串函数
输入输出函数
动态存储分配函数

数学函数

函数名: abs
功能: 求整数的绝对值
用法: int abs(int i);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main(void)
{
    int number = -1234;
    printf("number: %d absolute value: %d\n", number, abs(number));
    return 0;
}

函数名: acos
功能: 反余弦函数
用法: double acos(double x);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main(void)
{
    double result;
    double x = 0.5;
    result = acos(x);
    printf("The arc cosine of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
    return 0;
}

函数名: asin
功能: 反正弦函数
用法: double asin(double x);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main(void)
{
    double result;
    double x = 0.5;
    result = asin(x);
    printf("The arc sin of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
    return(0);
}

函数名: atan
功能: 反正切函数
用法: double atan(double x);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main(void)
{
    double result;
    double x = 0.5;
    result = atan(x);
    printf("The arc tangent of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
    return(0);
}

函数名: atan2
功能: 计算Y/X的反正切值
用法: double atan2(double y, double x);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main(void)
{
    double result;
    double x = 90.0, y = 45.0;
    result = atan2(y, x);
    printf("The arc tangent ratio of %lf is %lf\n", (y / x), result);
    return 0;
}

函数名: atan2
功能: 计算Y/X的反正切值
用法: double atan2(double y, double x);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main(void)
{
    double result;
    double x = 90.0, y = 45.0;
    result = atan2(y, x);
    printf("The arc tangent ratio of %lf is %lf\n", (y / x), result);
    return 0;
}

函数名: cosh
功能: 双曲余弦函数
用法: dluble cosh(double x);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main(void)
{
    double result;
    double x = 0.5;
    result = cosh(x);
    printf("The hyperboic cosine of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
    return 0;
}

函数名: cosh
功能: 双曲余弦函数
用法: dluble cosh(double x);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main(void)
{
    double result;
    double x = 0.5;
    result = cosh(x);
    printf("The hyperboic cosine of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
    return 0;
}

函数名: exp
功能: 指数函数
用法: double exp(double x);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main(void)
{
    double result;
    double x = 4.0;
    result = exp(x);
    printf("'e' raised to the power \
    of %lf (e ^ %lf) = %lf\n",
    x, x, result);
    return 0;
}

函数名: fabs
功能: 返回浮点数的绝对值
用法: double fabs(double x);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main(void)
{
    float number = -1234.0;
    printf("number: %f absolute value: %f\n",
    number, fabs(number));
    return 0;
}

函数名: floor
功能: 向下舍入
用法: double floor(double x);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main(void)
{
    double number = 123.54;
    double down, up;
    down = floor(number);
    up = ceil(number);
    printf("original number %10.2lf\n",
    number);
    printf("number rounded down %10.2lf\n",
    down);
    printf("number rounded up %10.2lf\n",
    up);
    return 0;
}

函数名: floor
功能: 向下舍入
用法: double floor(double x);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main(void)
{
    double number = 123.54;
    double down, up;
    down = floor(number);
    up = ceil(number);
    printf("original number %10.2lf\n",
    number);
    printf("number rounded down %10.2lf\n",
    down);
    printf("number rounded up %10.2lf\n",
    up);
    return 0;
}

函数名: frexp
功能: 把一个双精度数分解为尾数的指数
用法: double frexp(double value, int *eptr);
程序例:

#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    double mantissa, number;
    int exponent;
    number = 8.0;
    mantissa = frexp(number, &exponent);
    printf("The number %lf is ", number);
    printf("%lf times two to the ", mantissa);
    printf("power of %d\n", exponent);
    return 0;
}

函数名: modf
功能: 把数分为指数和尾数
用法: double modf(double value, double *iptr);
程序例:

#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    double fraction, integer;
    double number = 100000.567;
    fraction = modf(number, &integer);
    printf("The whole and fractional parts of %lf are %lf and %lf\n",
    number, integer, fraction);
    return 0;
}

函数名: pow
功能: 指数函数(x的y次方)
用法: double pow(double x, double y);
程序例:

#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    double x = 2.0, y = 3.0;
    printf("%lf raised to %lf is %lf\n", x, y, pow(x, y));
    return 0;
}

函数名: rand
功能: 随机数发生器
用法: void rand(void);
程序例:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    int i;
    printf("Ten random numbers from 0 to 99\n\n");
    for(i=0; i<10; i++)
    printf("%d\n", rand() % 100);
    return 0;
}

函数名: sin
功能: 正弦函数
用法: double sin(double x);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main(void)
{
    double result, x = 0.5;
    result = sin(x);
    printf("The sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
    return 0;
}

函数名: sinh
功能: 双曲正弦函数
用法: double sinh(double x);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main(void)
{
    double result, x = 0.5;
    result = sinh(x);
    printf("The hyperbolic sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
    return 0;
}

函数名: sqrt
功能: 计算平方根
用法: double sqrt(double x);
程序例:

#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    double x = 4.0, result;
    result = sqrt(x);
    printf("The square root of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
    return 0;
}

函数名: tan
功能: 正切函数
用法: double tan(double x);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main(void)
{
    double result, x;
    x = 0.5;
    result = tan(x);
    printf("The tan of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
    return 0;
}

函数名: tanh
功能: 双曲正切函数
用法: double tanh(double x);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main(void)
{
    double result, x;
    x = 0.5;
    result = tanh(x);
    printf("The hyperbolic tangent of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
    return 0;
}

字符函数和字符串函数

函数名: strcat
功能: 字符串拼接函数
用法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    char destination[25];
    char *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland";
    strcpy(destination, Borland);
    strcat(destination, blank);
    strcat(destination, c);
    printf("%s\n", destination);
    return 0;
}

函数名: strchr
功能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处
用法: char *strchr(char *str, char c);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    char string[15];
    char *ptr, c = 'r';
    strcpy(string, "This is a string");
    ptr = strchr(string, c);
    if (ptr)
        printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);
    else
        printf("The character was not found\n");
    return 0;
}

函数名: strcmp
功能: 串比较
用法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    char *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc";
    int ptr;
    ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);
    if (ptr > 0)
        printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
    else
        printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");
    ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3);
    if (ptr > 0)
        printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
    else
        printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n");
    return 0;
}

函数名: strcpy
功能: 串拷贝
用法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
    char string[10];
    char *str1 = "abcdefghi";
    strcpy(string, str1);
    printf("%s\n", string);
    return 0;
}

函数名: strcspn
功能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段
用法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <alloc.h>
int main(void)
{
    char *string1 = "1234567890";
    char *string2 = "747DC8";
    int length;
    length = strcspn(string1, string2);
    printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length);
    return 0;
}

函数名: strdup
功能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处
用法: char *strdup(char *str);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <alloc.h>
int main(void)
{
    char *dup_str, *string = "abcde";
    dup_str = strdup(string);
    printf("%s\n", dup_str);
    free(dup_str);
    return 0;
}

函数名: stricmp
功能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串
用法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
    int ptr;
    ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1);
    if (ptr > 0)
        printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
    if (ptr < 0)
        printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");
    if (ptr == 0)
        printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");
    return 0;`
}

函数名: strerror
功能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针
用法: char *strerror(int errnum);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
int main(void)
{
    char *buffer;
    buffer = strerror(errno);
    printf("Error: %s\n", buffer);
    return 0;
}

函数名: strcmpi
功能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写
用法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
    int ptr;
    ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1);
    if (ptr > 0)
        printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
    if (ptr < 0)
        printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");
    if (ptr == 0)
        printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");
    return 0;
}

函数名: strncmp
功能: 串比较
用法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    char *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc";
    int ptr;
    ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3);
    if (ptr > 0)
        printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
    else
        printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");
    ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);
    if (ptr > 0)
        printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
    else
        printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n");
    return(0);
}

函数名: strncmpi
功能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写
用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
    int ptr;
    ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3);
    if (ptr > 0)
        printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
    if (ptr < 0)
        printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");
    if (ptr == 0)
        printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");
    return 0;
}

函数名: strncpy
功能: 串拷贝
用法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
    char string[10];
    char *str1 = "abcdefghi";
    strncpy(string, str1, 3);
    string[3] = '\0';
    printf("%s\n", string);
    return 0;
}

函数名: strnicmp
功能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串
用法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
    int ptr;
    ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3);
    if (ptr > 0)
        printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
    if (ptr < 0)
        printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");
    if (ptr == 0)
        printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");
    return 0;
}

函数名: strnset
功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
用法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
    char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
    char letter = 'x';
    printf("string before strnset: %s\n", string);
    strnset(string, letter, 13);
    printf("string after strnset: %s\n", string);
    return 0;
}

函数名: strstr
功能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现
用法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
    char *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr;
    ptr = strstr(str1, str2);
    printf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr);
    return 0;
}

函数名: strtod
功能: 将字符串转换为double型值
用法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
    char input[80], *endptr;
    double value;
    printf("Enter a floating point number:");
    gets(input);
    value = strtod(input, &endptr);
    printf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value);
    return 0;
}

函数名: strtok
功能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词
用法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    char input[16] = "abc,d";
    char *p;
    /* strtok places a NULL terminator
    in front of the token, if found */
    p = strtok(input, ",");
    if (p) printf("%s\n", p);
    /* A second call to strtok using a NULL
    as the first parameter returns a pointer
    to the character following the token */
    p = strtok(NULL, ",");
    if (p) printf("%s\n", p);
    return 0;
}

函数名: strtol
功能: 将串转换为长整数
用法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base);
程序例:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    char *string = "87654321", *endptr;
    long lnumber;
    /* strtol converts string to long integer */
    lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10);
    printf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber);
    return 0;
}

函数名: tolower
功能: 把字符转换成小写字母
用法: int tolower(int c);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
int main(void)
{
    int length, i;
    char *string = "THIS IS A STRING";
    length = strlen(string);
    for (i=0; i<length; i++)
    {
    string[i] = tolower(string[i]);
    }
    printf("%s\n",string);
    return 0;
}

函数名: toupper
功能: 把字符转换成大写字母
用法: int toupper(int c);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
int main(void)
{
    int length, i;
    char *string = "this is a string";
    length = strlen(string);
    for (i=0; i<length; i++)
    {
    string[i] = toupper(string[i]);
    }
    printf("%s\n",string);
    return 0;
}

输入输出函数

函数名: clearerr
功能: 复位错误标志
用法:void clearerr(FILE *stream);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    FILE *fp;
    char ch;
    /* open a file for writing */
    fp = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w");
    /* force an error condition by attempting to read */
    ch = fgetc(fp);
    printf("%c\n",ch);
    if (ferror(fp))
    {
    /* display an error message */
    printf("Error reading from DUMMY.FIL\n");
    /* reset the error and EOF indicators */
    clearerr(fp);
    }
    fclose(fp);
    return 0;
}

函数名: eof
功能: 检测文件结束
用法: int eof(int *handle);
程序例:

#include <sys\stat.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <io.h>
int main(void)
{
    int handle;
    char msg[] = "This is a test";
    char ch;
    /* create a file */
    handle = open("DUMMY.FIL",
    O_CREAT | O_RDWR,
    S_IREAD | S_IWRITE);
    /* write some data to the file */
    write(handle, msg, strlen(msg));
    /* seek to the beginning of the file */
    lseek(handle, 0L, SEEK_SET);
    /*
    reads chars from the file until hit EOF
    */
    do
    {
        read(handle, &ch, 1);
        printf("%c", ch);
    } while (!eof(handle));
    close(handle);
    return 0;
}

函数名: eof
功能: 检测文件结束
用法: int eof(int *handle);
程序例:

#include <sys\stat.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <io.h>
int main(void)
{
    int handle;
    char msg[] = "This is a test";
    char ch;
    /* create a file */
    handle = open("DUMMY.FIL",
    O_CREAT | O_RDWR,
    S_IREAD | S_IWRITE);
    /* write some data to the file */
    write(handle, msg, strlen(msg));
    /* seek to the beginning of the file */
    lseek(handle, 0L, SEEK_SET);
    /*
    reads chars from the file until hit EOF
    */
    do
    {
    read(handle, &ch, 1);
    printf("%c", ch);
    } while (!eof(handle));
    close(handle);
    return 0;
}

函数名: exec…
功能: 装入并运行其它程序的函数
用法: int execl(char *pathname, char *arg0, arg1, …, argn, NULL);
int execle(char *pathname, char *arg0, arg1, …, argn, NULL,
char *envp[]);
int execlp(char *pathname, char *arg0, arg1, …, NULL);
int execple(char *pathname, char *arg0, arg1, …, NULL,
char *envp[]);
int execv(char *pathname, char *argv[]);
int execve(char *pathname, char *argv[], char *envp[]);
int execvp(char *pathname, char *argv[]);
int execvpe(char *pathname, char *argv[], char *envp[]);
程序例:

/* execv example */
#include <process.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int i;
    printf("Command line arguments:\n");
    for (i=0; i<argc; i++)
    printf("[%2d] : %s\n", i, argv[i]);
    printf("About to exec child with arg1 arg2 ...\n");
    execv("CHILD.EXE", argv);
    perror("exec error");
    exit(1);
}

函数名: fclose
功能: 关闭一个流
用法: int fclose(FILE *stream);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    FILE *fp;
    char buf[11] = "0123456789";
    /* create a file containing 10 bytes */
    fp = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w");
    fwrite(&buf, strlen(buf), 1, fp);
    /* close the file */
    fclose(fp);
    return 0;
}

函数名: feof
功能: 检测流上的文件结束符
用法: int feof(FILE *stream);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    FILE *stream;
    /* open a file for reading */
    stream = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "r");
    /* read a character from the file */
    fgetc(stream);
    /* check for EOF */
    if (feof(stream))
    printf("We have reached end-of-file\n");
    /* close the file */
    fclose(stream);
    return 0;
}

函数名: fgetc
功能: 从流中读取字符
用法: int fgetc(FILE *stream);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main(void)
{
    FILE *stream;
    char string[] = "This is a test";
    char ch;
    /* open a file for update */
    stream = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w+");
    /* write a string into the file */
    fwrite(string, strlen(string), 1, stream);
    /* seek to the beginning of the file */
    fseek(stream, 0, SEEK_SET);
    do
    {
        /* read a char from the file */
        ch = fgetc(stream);
        /* display the character */
        putch(ch);
    } while (ch != EOF);
    fclose(stream);
    return 0;
}

函数名: fgets
功能: 从流中读取一字符串
用法: char *fgets(char *string, int n, FILE *stream);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    FILE *stream;
    char string[] = "This is a test";
    char msg[20];
    /* open a file for update */
    stream = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w+");
    /* write a string into the file */
    fwrite(string, strlen(string), 1, stream);
    /* seek to the start of the file */
    fseek(stream, 0, SEEK_SET);
    /* read a string from the file */
    fgets(msg, strlen(string)+1, stream);
    /* display the string */
    printf("%s", msg);
    fclose(stream);
    return 0;
}

函数名: fopen
功能: 打开一个流
用法: FILE *fopen(char *filename, char *type);
程序例:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <dir.h>
int main(void)
{
    char *s;
    char drive[MAXDRIVE];
    char dir[MAXDIR];
    char file[MAXFILE];
    char ext[MAXEXT];
    int flags;
    s=getenv("COMSPEC"); /* get the comspec environment parameter */
    flags=fnsplit(s,drive,dir,file,ext);
    printf("Command processor info:\n");
    if(flags & DRIVE)
    printf("\tdrive: %s\n",drive);
    if(flags & DIRECTORY)
    printf("\tdirectory: %s\n",dir);
    if(flags & FILENAME)
    printf("\tfile: %s\n",file);
    if(flags & EXTENSION)
    printf("\textension: %s\n",ext);
    return 0;
}

函数名: fprintf
功能: 传送格式化输出到一个流中
用法: int fprintf(FILE *stream, char *format[, argument,…]);
程序例:

/* Program to create backup of the
AUTOEXEC.BAT file */
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    FILE *in, *out;
    if ((in = fopen("\\AUTOEXEC.BAT", "rt"))== NULL)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open input \
        file.\n");
        return 1;
    }
    if ((out = fopen("\\AUTOEXEC.BAK", "wt"))== NULL)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output \
        file.\n");
        return 1;
    }
    while (!feof(in))
        fputc(fgetc(in), out);
    fclose(in);
    fclose(out);
    return 0;
}

函数名: fputc
功能: 送一个字符到一个流中
用法: int fputc(int ch, FILE *stream);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    char msg[] = "Hello world";
    int i = 0;
    while (msg[i])
    {
        fputc(msg[i], stdout);
        i++;
    }
    return 0;
}

函数名: fputs
功能: 送一个字符到一个流中
用法: int fputs(char *string, FILE *stream);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    /* write a string to standard output */
    fputs("Hello world\n", stdout);
    return 0;
}

函数名: fread
功能: 从一个流中读数据
用法: int fread(void *ptr, int size, int nitems, FILE *stream);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    FILE *stream;
    char msg[] = "this is a test";
    char buf[20];
    if ((stream = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w+")) == NULL)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,
        "Cannot open output file.\n");
        return 1;
    }
    /* write some data to the file */
    fwrite(msg, strlen(msg)+1, 1, stream);
    /* seek to the beginning of the file */
    fseek(stream, SEEK_SET, 0);
    /* read the data and display it */
    fread(buf, strlen(msg)+1, 1, stream);
    printf("%s\n", buf);
    fclose(stream);
    return 0;
}

函数名: fscanf
功能: 从一个流中执行格式化输入
用法: int fscanf(FILE *stream, char *format[,argument…]);
程序例:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    int i;
    printf("Input an integer: ");
    /* read an integer from the
    standard input stream */
    if (fscanf(stdin, "%d", &i))
        printf("The integer read was: %i\n", i);
    else
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error reading an \
        integer from stdin.\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    return 0;
}

函数名: fseek
功能: 重定位流上的文件指针
用法: int fseek(FILE *stream, long offset, int fromwhere);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
long filesize(FILE *stream);
int main(void)
{
    FILE *stream;
    stream = fopen("MYFILE.TXT", "w+");
    fprintf(stream, "This is a test");
    printf("Filesize of MYFILE.TXT is %ld bytes\n", filesize(stream));
    fclose(stream);
    return 0;
}
long filesize(FILE *stream)
{
    long curpos, length;
    curpos = ftell(stream);
    fseek(stream, 0L, SEEK_END);
    length = ftell(stream);
    fseek(stream, curpos, SEEK_SET);
    return length;
}

函数名: ftell
功能: 返回当前文件指针
用法: long ftell(FILE *stream);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    FILE *stream;
    stream = fopen("MYFILE.TXT", "w+");
    fprintf(stream, "This is a test");
    printf("The file pointer is at byte \
    %ld\n", ftell(stream));
    fclose(stream);
    return 0;
}

函数名: fwrite
功能: 写内容到流中
用法: int fwrite(void *ptr, int size, int nitems, FILE *stream);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
struct mystruct
{
    int i;
    char ch;
    };
int main(void)
{
    FILE *stream;
    struct mystruct s;
    if ((stream = fopen("TEST.$$$", "wb")) == NULL) /* open file TEST.$$$ */
    {
    fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n");
    return 1;
    }
    s.i = 0;
    s.ch = 'A';
    fwrite(&s, sizeof(s), 1, stream); /* write struct s to file */
    fclose(stream); /* close file */
    return 0;
}

函数名: getc
功能: 从流中取字符
用法: int getc(FILE *stream);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    char ch;
    printf("Input a character:");
    /* read a character from the
    standard input stream */
    ch = getc(stdin);
    printf("The character input was: '%c'\n",
    ch);
    return 0;
}

函数名: getchar
功能: 从stdin流中读字符
用法: int getchar(void);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    int c;
    /* Note that getchar reads from stdin and
    is line buffered; this means it will
    not return until you press ENTER. */
    while ((c = getchar()) != '\n')
    printf("%c", c);
    return 0;
}

函数名: open
功能: 打开一个文件用于读或写
用法: int open(char *pathname, int access[, int permiss]);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <io.h>
int main(void)
{
    int handle;
    char msg[] = "Hello world";
    if ((handle = open("TEST.$$$", O_CREAT | O_TEXT)) == -1)
    {
        perror("Error:");
        return 1;
    }
    write(handle, msg, strlen(msg));
    close(handle);
    return 0;
}

函数名: printf
功能: 产生格式化输出的函数
用法: int printf(char *format…);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define I 555
#define R 5.5
int main(void)
{
    int i,j,k,l;
    char buf[7];
    char *prefix = buf;
    char tp[20];
    printf("prefix 6d 6o 8x 10.2e "
    "10.2f\n");
    strcpy(prefix,"%");
    for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < 2; j++)
            for (k = 0; k < 2; k++)
                for (l = 0; l < 2; l++)
                {
                    if (i==0) strcat(prefix,"-");
                    if (j==0) strcat(prefix,"+");
                    if (k==0) strcat(prefix,"#");
                    if (l==0) strcat(prefix,"0");
                    printf("%5s |",prefix);
                    strcpy(tp,prefix);
                    strcat(tp,"6d |");
                    printf(tp,I);
                    strcpy(tp,"");
                    strcpy(tp,prefix);
                    strcat(tp,"6o |");
                    printf(tp,I);
                    strcpy(tp,"");
                    strcpy(tp,prefix);
                    strcat(tp,"8x |");
                    printf(tp,I);
                    strcpy(tp,"");
                    strcpy(tp,prefix);
                    strcat(tp,"10.2e |");
                    printf(tp,R);
                    strcpy(tp,prefix);
                    strcat(tp,"10.2f |");
                    printf(tp,R);
                    printf(" \n");
                    strcpy(prefix,"%"); 
                }
    }
    return 0;
}

函数名: putc
功能: 输出一字符到指定流中
用法: int putc(int ch, FILE *stream);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    char msg[] = "Hello world\n";
    int i = 0;
    while (msg[i])
    putc(msg[i++], stdout);
    return 0;
}

函数名: putchar
功能: 在stdout上输出字符
用法: int putchar(int ch);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
/* define some box-drawing characters */
#define LEFT_TOP 0xDA
#define RIGHT_TOP 0xBF
#define HORIZ 0xC4
#define VERT 0xB3
#define LEFT_BOT 0xC0
#define RIGHT_BOT 0xD9
int main(void)
{
    char i, j;
    /* draw the top of the box */
    putchar(LEFT_TOP);
    for (i=0; i<10; i++)
        putchar(HORIZ);
    putchar(RIGHT_TOP);
    putchar('\n');
    /* draw the middle */
    for (i=0; i<4; i++)
    {
        putchar(VERT);
        for (j=0; j<10; j++)
        putchar(' ');
        putchar(VERT);
        putchar('\n');
    }
    /* draw the bottom */
    putchar(LEFT_BOT);
    for (i=0; i<10; i++)
        putchar(HORIZ);
    putchar(RIGHT_BOT);
    putchar('\n');
    return 0;
}

函数名: puts
功能: 送一字符串到流中
用法: int puts(char *string);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    char string[] = "This is an example output string\n";
    puts(string);
    return 0;
}

函数名: read
功能: 从文件中读
用法: int read(int handle, void *buf, int nbyte);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <alloc.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <process.h>
#include <sys\stat.h>
int main(void)
{
    void *buf;
    int handle, bytes;
    buf = malloc(10);
    /*
    Looks for a file in the current directory named TEST.$$$ and attempts
    to read 10 bytes from it. To use this example you should create the
    file TEST.$$$
    */
    if ((handle = open("TEST.$$$", O_RDONLY | O_BINARY, S_IWRITE | S_IREAD)) == -1)
    {
        printf("Error Opening File\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    if ((bytes = read(handle, buf, 10)) == -1) {
        printf("Read Failed.\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    else {
        printf("Read: %d bytes read.\n", bytes);
    }
    return 0;
}

函数名: rename
功能: 重命名文件
用法: int rename(char *oldname, char *newname);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    char oldname[80], newname[80];
    /* prompt for file to rename and new name */
    printf("File to rename: ");
    gets(oldname);
    printf("New name: ");
    gets(newname);
    /* Rename the file */
    if (rename(oldname, newname) == 0)
        printf("Renamed %s to %s.\n", oldname, newname);
    else
        perror("rename");
    return 0;
}

函数名: rewind
功能: 将文件指针重新指向一个流的开头
用法: int rewind(FILE *stream);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <dir.h>
int main(void)
{
    FILE *fp;
    char *fname = "TXXXXXX", *newname, first;
    newname = mktemp(fname);
    fp = fopen(newname,"w+");
    fprintf(fp,"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz");
    rewind(fp);
    fscanf(fp,"%c",&first);
    printf("The first character is: %c\n",first);
    fclose(fp);
    remove(newname);
    return 0;
}

函数名: scanf
功能: 执行格式化输入
用法: int scanf(char *format[,argument,…]);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main(void)
{
    char label[20];
    char name[20];
    int entries = 0;
    int loop, age;
    double salary;
    struct Entry_struct
    {
        char name[20];
        int age;
        float salary;
    } entry[20];
    /* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
    printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
    scanf("%20s", label);
    fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
    /* Input number of entries as an integer */
    printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
    scanf("%d", &entries);
    fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
    /* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
    for (loop=0;loop<entries;++loop)
    {
        printf("Ent ry %d\n", loop);
        printf(" Name : ");
        scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
        fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
        /* input an age as an integer */
        printf(" Age : ");
        scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
        fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
        /* input a salary as a float */
        printf(" Salary : ");
        scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
        fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
    }
    /* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
    printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
    scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);

    /* Print out the data that was input */
    printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
    printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
    printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
    for (loop=0;loop<entries;++loop)
        printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
        loop + 1,
        entry[loop].name,
        entry[loop].age,
        entry[loop].salary);
    printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
    return 0;
}

动态存储分配函数

函数名: calloc
功能: 分配主存储器
用法: void *calloc(size_t nelem, size_t elsize);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <alloc.h>
int main(void)
{
    char *str = NULL;
    /* allocate memory for string */
    str = calloc(10, sizeof(char));
    /* copy "Hello" into string */
    strcpy(str, "Hello");
    /* display string */
    printf("String is %s\n", str);
    /* free memory */
    free(str);
    return 0;
}

函数名: free
功能: 释放已分配的块
用法: void free(void *ptr);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <alloc.h>
int main(void)
{
    char *str;
    /* allocate memory for string */
    str = malloc(10);
    /* copy "Hello" to string */
    strcpy(str, "Hello");
    /* display string */
    printf("String is %s\n", str);
    /* free memory */
    free(str);
    return 0;
}

函数名: malloc
功能: 内存分配函数
用法: void *malloc(unsigned size);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <alloc.h>
#include <process.h>
int main(void)
{
    char *str;
    /* allocate memory for string */
    /* This will generate an error when compiling */
    /* with C++, use the new operator instead. */
    if ((str = malloc(10)) == NULL)
    {
        printf("Not enough memory to allocate buffer\n");
        exit(1); /* terminate program if out of memory */
    }
    /* copy "Hello" into string */
    strcpy(str, "Hello");
    /* display string */
    printf("String is %s\n", str);
    /* free memory */
    free(str);
    return 0;
}

函数名: realloc
功能: 重新分配主存
用法: void *realloc(void *ptr, unsigned newsize);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <alloc.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
    char *str;
    /* allocate memory for string */
    str = malloc(10);
    /* copy "Hello" into string */
    strcpy(str, "Hello");
    printf("String is %s\n Address is %p\n", str, str);
    str = realloc(str, 20);
    printf("String is %s\n New address is %p\n", str, str);
    /* free memory */
    free(str);
    return 0;
}

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c库函数

文章目录数学函数字符函数和字符串函数输入输出函数动态存储分配函数数学函数函数名: abs功能: 求整数的绝对值用法: int abs(int i);程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <math.h>int main(void){ int number = -1234; printf("number: %d a...
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