CreateIndexBuffer()

创建索引缓冲  
HRESULT CreateIndexBuffer(  
  
     UINT Length,                             //索引缓冲区大小,按字节数计算  
  
     DWORD Usage,                             //索引缓冲区属性,和顶点缓冲区相同  
  
     D3DFORMAT Format,               //索引数组的元素格式,可以使16位或者32位  
  
     D3DPOOL Pool,                            //索引缓冲区内存位置  
  
     IDirect3DIndexBuffer9** ppIndexBuffer,            //索引缓冲区指针地址  
  
     HANDLE* pSharedHandle                    //保留参数,设为0  
);  

Format:表示索引数组中的元素格式,他可以是16位整数或者32位的整数
[in] Member of the D3DFORMAT enumerated type, describing the format of the index buffer. For more information, see Remarks. The valid settings are the following:
D3DFMT_INDEX16
Indices are 16 bits each.
D3DFMT_INDEX32
Indices are 32 bits each.
Pool
[in] Member of the D3DPOOL enumerated type, describing a valid memory class into which to place the resource

 //创建顶点缓冲区  
  
    if(FAILED(g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer(9*sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX),  
  
                                                  0, D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX,  
  
                                                  D3DPOOL_DEFAULT,&g_pVB,NULL) ))  
  
    {  
  
                                 

  
        returnE_FAIL;  
  
    } 
  
    //创建索引缓冲区  
  
    if( FAILED(g_pd3dDevice->CreateIndexBuffer(24*sizeof(WORD),  
  
                                                0, D3DFMT_INDEX16, //索引类型  
  
                                                D3DPOOL_DEFAULT,&g_pIB,NULL) ))  
  
    {  
  
        returnE_FAIL;  
  
    } 

保存顶点索引值  
  
    //填充顶点缓冲区  
  
    VOID*pVertices;  
  
    if(FAILED(g_pVB->Lock(0, sizeof(g_Vertices),(void**)&pVertices,0) ) )  
  
        return E_FAIL;  
  
    memcpy(pVertices,g_Vertices,sizeof(g_Vertices));  
  
    g_pVB->Unlock();  
  
    //填充索引缓冲区  
  
    VOID*pIndices;  
  
    if(FAILED(g_pIB->Lock(0, sizeof(g_Indices),(void**)&pIndices,0 )) )  
  
        return E_FAIL;  
  
    memcpy(pIndices,g_Indices,sizeof(g_Indices));  
  
    g_pIB->Unlock(); 




  
  


  
  

 

在 Visual Studio 中实现三维图形的坐标系之间的变换和三维图形几何变换,可以使用 DirectX API。以下是修改示例图形为给定的三棱锥模型的代码示例: ```c++ #include <Windows.h> #include <d3d11.h> #include <d3dcompiler.h> #include <DirectXMath.h> #include <iostream> #pragma comment(lib, "d3d11.lib") #pragma comment(lib, "d3dcompiler.lib") using namespace DirectX; // 定义三棱锥顶点数据类型 struct Vertex { XMFLOAT3 position; XMFLOAT4 color; }; // 定义矩阵缓冲区数据类型 struct MatrixBuffer { XMMATRIX world; XMMATRIX view; XMMATRIX projection; }; // 定义全局变量 HWND hwnd = NULL; const int Width = 800; const int Height = 600; IDXGISwapChain* swapChain; ID3D11Device* d3d11Device; ID3D11DeviceContext* d3d11DeviceContext; ID3D11RenderTargetView* renderTargetView; ID3D11DepthStencilView* depthStencilView; ID3D11Texture2D* depthStencilBuffer; ID3D11InputLayout* inputLayout; ID3D11VertexShader* vertexShader; ID3D11PixelShader* pixelShader; ID3D11Buffer* vertexBuffer; ID3D11Buffer* indexBuffer; ID3D11Buffer* matrixBuffer; XMMATRIX worldMatrix; XMMATRIX viewMatrix; XMMATRIX projectionMatrix; // 创建交换链 bool CreateSwapChain() { DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapChainDesc = {}; swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 1; swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Width = Width; swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Height = Height; swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM; swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60; swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1; swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT; swapChainDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd; swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1; swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0; swapChainDesc.Windowed = TRUE; D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevel = D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0; HRESULT hr = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, 0, &featureLevel, 1, D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &swapChainDesc, &swapChain, &d3d11Device, NULL, &d3d11DeviceContext); if (FAILED(hr)) { std::cout << "Failed to create swap chain" << std::endl; return false; } return true; } // 创建渲染目标视图 bool CreateRenderTargetView() { ID3D11Texture2D* backBuffer; HRESULT hr = swapChain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), (void**)&backBuffer); if (FAILED(hr)) { std::cout << "Failed to get back buffer" << std::endl; return false; } hr = d3d11Device->CreateRenderTargetView(backBuffer, NULL, &renderTargetView); if (FAILED(hr)) { std::cout << "Failed to create render target view" << std::endl; return false; } backBuffer->Release(); return true; } // 创建深度模板缓冲区和深度模板视图 bool CreateDepthStencilBufferAndView() { D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC depthStencilDesc = {}; depthStencilDesc.Width = Width; depthStencilDesc.Height = Height; depthStencilDesc.MipLevels = 1; depthStencilDesc.ArraySize = 1; depthStencilDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT; depthStencilDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1; depthStencilDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0; depthStencilDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT; depthStencilDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL; depthStencilDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0; depthStencilDesc.MiscFlags = 0; HRESULT hr = d3d11Device->CreateTexture2D(&depthStencilDesc, NULL, &depthStencilBuffer); if (FAILED(hr)) { std::cout << "Failed to create depth stencil buffer" << std::endl; return false; } hr = d3d11Device->CreateDepthStencilView(depthStencilBuffer, NULL, &depthStencilView); if (FAILED(hr)) { std::cout << "Failed to create depth stencil view" << std::endl; return false; } return true; } // 创建顶点着色器 bool CreateVertexShader() { ID3DBlob* vertexShaderBlob; HRESULT hr = D3DCompileFromFile(L"VertexShader.hlsl", NULL, NULL, "main", "vs_5_0", 0, 0, &vertexShaderBlob, NULL); if (FAILED(hr)) { std::cout << "Failed to compile vertex shader" << std::endl; return false; } hr = d3d11Device->CreateVertexShader(vertexShaderBlob->GetBufferPointer(), vertexShaderBlob->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &vertexShader); if (FAILED(hr)) { std::cout << "Failed to create vertex shader" << std::endl; return false; } // 定义顶点输入布局 D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC inputElementDesc[] = { {"POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0}, {"COLOR", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0} }; hr = d3d11Device->CreateInputLayout(inputElementDesc, 2, vertexShaderBlob->GetBufferPointer(), vertexShaderBlob->GetBufferSize(), &inputLayout); if (FAILED(hr)) { std::cout << "Failed to create input layout" << std::endl; return false; } vertexShaderBlob->Release(); return true; } // 创建像素着色器 bool CreatePixelShader() { ID3DBlob* pixelShaderBlob; HRESULT hr = D3DCompileFromFile(L"PixelShader.hlsl", NULL, NULL, "main", "ps_5_0", 0, 0, &pixelShaderBlob, NULL); if (FAILED(hr)) { std::cout << "Failed to compile pixel shader" << std::endl; return false; } hr = d3d11Device->CreatePixelShader(pixelShaderBlob->GetBufferPointer(), pixelShaderBlob->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &pixelShader); if (FAILED(hr)) { std::cout << "Failed to create pixel shader" << std::endl; return false; } pixelShaderBlob->Release(); return true; } // 创建顶点缓冲区 bool CreateVertexBuffer() { // 定义三棱锥的顶点数据 Vertex vertices[] = { {XMFLOAT3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), XMFLOAT4(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f)}, // A {XMFLOAT3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), XMFLOAT4(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f)}, // B {XMFLOAT3(1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), XMFLOAT4(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f)}, // C {XMFLOAT3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), XMFLOAT4(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f)}, // D {XMFLOAT3(0.5f, 1.0f, 0.5f), XMFLOAT4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f)} // E }; D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vertexBufferDesc = {}; vertexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT; vertexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(Vertex) * 5; vertexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER; vertexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0; vertexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0; D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vertexBufferData = {}; vertexBufferData.pSysMem = vertices; HRESULT hr = d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&vertexBufferDesc, &vertexBufferData, &vertexBuffer); if (FAILED(hr)) { std::cout << "Failed to create vertex buffer" << std::endl; return false; } return true; } // 创建索引缓冲区 bool CreateIndexBuffer() { // 定义三棱锥的索引数据 unsigned int indices[] = { 0, 1, 2, // 底面三角形 ABC 0, 2, 3, // 底面三角形 ACD 0, 1, 4, // 侧面三角形 ABE 1, 2, 4, // 侧面三角形 BCE 2, 3, 4, // 侧面三角形 CDE 3, 0, 4 // 侧面三角形 DAE }; D3D11_BUFFER_DESC indexBufferDesc = {}; indexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT; indexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(unsigned int) * 18; indexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER; indexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0; indexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0; D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA indexBufferData = {}; indexBufferData.pSysMem = indices; HRESULT hr = d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&indexBufferDesc, &indexBufferData, &indexBuffer); if (FAILED(hr)) { std::cout << "Failed to create index buffer" << std::endl; return false; } return true; } // 创建矩阵缓冲区 bool CreateMatrixBuffer() { D3D11_BUFFER_DESC matrixBufferDesc = {}; matrixBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DYNAMIC; matrixBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(MatrixBuffer); matrixBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_CONSTANT_BUFFER; matrixBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE; matrixBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0; HRESULT hr = d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&matrixBufferDesc, NULL, &matrixBuffer); if (FAILED(hr)) { std::cout << "Failed to create matrix buffer" << std::endl; return false; } return true; } // 初始化 DirectX bool InitDirectX() { if (!CreateSwapChain()) { return false; } if (!CreateRenderTargetView()) { return false; } if (!CreateDepthStencilBufferAndView()) { return false; } d3d11DeviceContext->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &renderTargetView, depthStencilView); D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport = {}; viewport.TopLeftX = 0; viewport.TopLeftY = 0; viewport.Width = Width; viewport.Height = Height; viewport.MinDepth = 0.0f; viewport.MaxDepth = 1.0f; d3d11DeviceContext->RSSetViewports(1, &viewport); if (!CreateVertexShader()) { return false; } if (!CreatePixelShader()) { return false; } if (!CreateVertexBuffer()) { return false; } if (!CreateIndexBuffer()) { return false; } if (!CreateMatrixBuffer()) { return false; } return true; } // 渲染场景 void RenderScene() { // 设置顶点缓冲区和索引缓冲区 unsigned int stride = sizeof(Vertex); unsigned int offset = 0; d3d11DeviceContext->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &vertexBuffer, &stride, &offset); d3d11DeviceContext->IASetIndexBuffer(indexBuffer, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0); // 设置输入布局 d3d11DeviceContext->IASetInputLayout(inputLayout); // 设置基本图元类型 d3d11DeviceContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST); // 更新矩阵缓冲区 MatrixBuffer matrixBufferData = {}; matrixBufferData.world = worldMatrix; matrixBufferData.view = viewMatrix; matrixBufferData.projection = projectionMatrix; D3D11_MAPPED_SUBRESOURCE mappedResource = {}; HRESULT hr = d3d11DeviceContext->Map(matrixBuffer, 0, D3D11_MAP_WRITE_DISCARD, 0, &mappedResource); if (FAILED(hr)) { std::cout << "Failed to map matrix buffer" << std::endl; return; } memcpy(mappedResource.pData, &matrixBufferData, sizeof(MatrixBuffer)); d3d11DeviceContext->Unmap(matrixBuffer, 0); d3d11DeviceContext->VSSetConstantBuffers(0, 1, &matrixBuffer); // 设置顶点着色器和像素着色器 d3d11DeviceContext->VSSetShader(vertexShader, NULL, 0); d3d11DeviceContext->PSSetShader(pixelShader, NULL, 0); // 绘制图形 d3d11DeviceContext->DrawIndexed(18, 0, 0); // 切换缓冲区,显示渲染结果 swapChain->Present(0, 0); } // 释放资源 void Release() { if (matrixBuffer) { matrixBuffer->Release(); } if (indexBuffer) { indexBuffer->Release(); } if (vertexBuffer) { vertexBuffer->Release(); } if (pixelShader) { pixelShader->Release(); } if (vertexShader) { vertexShader->Release(); } if (inputLayout) { inputLayout->Release(); } if (depthStencilView) { depthStencilView->Release(); } if (depthStencilBuffer) { depthStencilBuffer->Release(); } if (renderTargetView) { renderTargetView->Release(); } if (swapChain) { swapChain->Release(); } if (d3d11DeviceContext) { d3d11DeviceContext->Release(); } if (d3d11Device) { d3d11Device->Release(); } } // 窗口过程函数 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (msg) { case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); break; } return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam); } int main() { // 注册窗口类 HINSTANCE hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL); WNDCLASSEX wc = {}; wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wc.hInstance = hInstance; wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wc.lpszClassName = L"DirectXWindowClass"; RegisterClassEx(&wc); // 创建窗口 hwnd = CreateWindowEx(0, L"DirectXWindowClass", L"DirectX Window", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, Width, Height, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); if (hwnd == NULL) { std::cout << "Failed to create window" << std::endl; return 0; } ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOW); // 初始化 DirectX if (!InitDirectX()) { Release(); return 0; } // 设置世界坐标系、物坐标系和屏幕坐标系的变换矩阵 worldMatrix = XMMatrixIdentity(); viewMatrix = XMMatrixLookAtLH(XMVectorSet(0.0f, 1.5f, -3.0f, 0.0f), XMVectorSet(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), XMVectorSet(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f)); projectionMatrix = XMMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(XM_PIDIV4,
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值